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It is expected that the methodology introduced here will open up opportunities for the direct fabrication of carbon nanotube based nanodevices.
This technique enables easy access to the high-frequency performance of nanoscale devices in general even for the rather low current levels typically observed for individual carbon nanotube field-effect transistors.
This study would provide a simple, low-cost and general approach to functionalize the carbon nanotube.
This result is an essential step for the use of carbon nanotubes in nanoscale electronics circuits.

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How have carbon nanotubes been used in biomedical applications?10 answersCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a significant material in the biomedical field due to their unique structural, mechanical, and electrochemical properties. Their application ranges from drug delivery systems to biosensing, highlighting their versatility and potential in various medical domains. In the realm of biopharmaceutics, CNTs have been utilized for the determination of small biological molecules, drug molecules, and the detection of drug formulations, showcasing their critical role in enhancing the chemical industry's capabilities in China. Their incorporation into modified 316L steel surfaces has demonstrated improved biocompatibility and mechanical properties, making them suitable for biomedical applications such as implants. CNTs' exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, coupled with high surface area and biocompatibility, have facilitated their development in antibacterial materials, dentistry, drug delivery, and biosensing. Functionalized CNTs (fCNTs) have been employed for therapeutic, tissue engineering, diagnostic, and imaging applications, including the delivery of anticancer drugs and the development of scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Despite their potential, the toxicity of CNTs remains a concern; however, modifications such as PEGylation and peptide conjugation have been explored to address these issues, enhancing their applicability in diagnostics, therapy, and regenerative medicine. CNTs have also been investigated for their use in nanocomposite materials for diagnoses, tissue regeneration, and selective drug delivery, with a focus on overcoming their toxic effects to ensure safe application in biomedical frameworks. Their capability for delivering therapeutic agents, genes, and anti-inflammatory molecules has been widely recognized, with ongoing research into their biochemistry, functionalization, and drug-loading ability to maximize their therapeutic potential. Functionalized CNTs have shown promise in cancer therapy, tissue engineering, and as probes for imaging and tracking stem cells, indicating their potential to revolutionize nanomedicine. The theranostic applications of fCNTs, including their use in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and central nervous system disorders, further underscore their significance in pharmaceuticals and medicine. Lastly, the development of carbon-based nanomaterials, including CNTs, for biosensing, drug delivery, and cancer therapy, highlights the ongoing research and interest in leveraging their unique properties for diverse biological applications.
How to Unveil the Potential of Carbon Nanotubes in Revolutionizing Biomedical Applications?10 answersTo unveil the potential of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in revolutionizing biomedical applications, it is essential to leverage their unique properties and address the challenges associated with their use. CNTs, with their distinct architecture and high aspect ratio, offer exceptional drug loading capacity, making them promising nanocarriers for novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Functionalization of CNTs enhances their biocompatibility and reduces toxicity, enabling their use in delivering small drug molecules, peptides, proteins, and genes, as well as in tissue engineering and imaging applications. The synthesis methods and modifications like PEGylation and peptide conjugation can address toxicity issues, expanding their applications in drug delivery, imaging, and regenerative medicines. Recent advancements have shown that CNTs' remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties can be harnessed for applications ranging from antibacterial materials to cancer therapy and biosensors. However, concerns regarding their toxic effects have shifted focus towards immobilization on materials to optimize connectivity and performance in tissue engineering scaffolds. The versatility of CNTs is further highlighted by their applications in electronic devices, sensors, and targeted drug delivery systems, showcasing their broad utility across various fields. CNTs' ability to carry both small and large medicinal compounds, coupled with their high drug stacking and thermal ablation capabilities, underscores their potential in target-oriented therapy, especially cancer therapy. Their compatibility with biological systems through surface functionalization enables diverse biomedical applications, including drug delivery and biosensing. Despite their promising applications, challenges such as cytotoxicity, high manufacturing costs, and the need for effective dispersion and functionalization processes must be addressed to fully realize their potential in biomedical applications. Addressing these challenges through ongoing research and development will be key to unlocking the revolutionary impact of CNTs in the biomedical field.
What are the current methods for converting carbon dioxide into carbon nanotubes?5 answersCurrent methods for converting carbon dioxide into carbon nanotubes include electrolysis in molten carbonate, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and continuous chemical vapor deposition. Electrolysis in molten carbonate allows for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from CO2 at high yield. CVD, particularly thermal CVD, plasma-enhanced CVD, and microwave plasma CVD, is a widely used technique due to its easy control of reaction course and high purity of the obtained materials. Continuous chemical vapor deposition, utilizing NaBH4 reductant and NiCl2 catalyst, enables the conversion of CO2 to multi-walled carbon nanotubes under mild conditions, showcasing enhanced capacitive performance and stability. These methods offer promising pathways for sustainable and efficient production of carbon nanotubes from carbon dioxide.
What are the potential biomedical applications of carbon nanotubes?5 answersCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential biomedical applications in various fields. They can be used in antibacterial materials, dentistry, drug delivery, biosensing, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, diagnostic imaging, and regenerative medicine. CNTs possess unique properties such as high surface area, excellent mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal properties, making them suitable for these applications. Functionalization of CNTs enhances their biocompatibility and enables biomolecule loading for targeted drug delivery and immobilization support. CNTs can be modified with various groups for simultaneous carrying of different molecules for targeting, therapy, and imaging. They have been utilized for delivering small drug molecules, peptides, proteins, and genes, and have shown therapeutic efficacy in in vivo and in vitro studies. Additionally, CNTs have been used in the development of biosensors for detecting biological and biomedical compounds. However, there are challenges related to cytotoxicity and biodegradation that need to be addressed for their safe implementation in clinical trials.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using carbon nanotubes in the construction of new materials?5 answersCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer several advantages in the construction of new materials. They have unique and interesting properties such as mechanical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, which can be tuned to some extent. CNTs can improve the mechanical and electrical properties of materials, making them suitable for applications in strength-enhanced structure materials, wearable thermoelectric devices, smart textiles, and flat panel displays. Additionally, CNTs can be used to enhance the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of composite materials, making them useful in biomedical, industrial, and environmental fields. However, there are also some disadvantages associated with CNTs. When the concentration of CNTs exceeds a certain limit, the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite can deteriorate. Furthermore, there are concerns regarding the solubility, biodegradability, dispersivity, and toxicity of CNTs, which need to be addressed for their clinical development.
What is the future of transistors by the year 2025?9 answers

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What is the thermal conductivity of wax at liquid state?
4 answers
The thermal conductivity of wax in the liquid state varies depending on the composition and additives. Studies have shown that the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to paraffin wax (PW) can lead to a significant enhancement in thermal conductivity. Conversely, the thermal conductivity of PW doped with fullerene C60 showed no significant increase in the liquid phase. Experimental results indicate that pure n-docosane, a type of paraffin, has a thermal conductivity of 0.49 W m−1 K−1 in the solid state. Additionally, measurements on wax in both solid and liquid states have shown a retrograde tendency in conductivity above the melting point, with discrepancies between experimental and predicted values. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of wax in the liquid state can be influenced by various factors, including additives and temperature.
What is the value thermal conductivity of wax at liquid state?
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The thermal conductivity of wax in the liquid state varies depending on the specific type and composition of the wax. Studies have shown that for paraffin wax, the addition of 10% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can lead to a thermal conductivity enhancement of around 40.2% in the liquid state. Additionally, research on beeswax has indicated that the thermal conductivity of different types of beeswax is influenced by temperature, with values being higher at extreme temperatures and relatively constant between 0 and 25°C. These findings suggest that the thermal conductivity of wax in the liquid state can be significantly influenced by additives like CNTs and can vary based on the specific wax type and temperature conditions.
How would the decomposition of catalyst influence the polymerization kinetics and efficiency of epoxy curing?
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The decomposition of catalysts in epoxy curing can significantly impact polymerization kinetics and efficiency. For instance, the decomposition of borane adducts initiates epoxy homopolymerization by forming cations, leading to the polymerization process. Additionally, the presence of metal complex catalysts in epoxidized sucrose soyate curing reactions influences the reaction kinetics, with multiple exothermic peaks indicating various reaction mechanisms. Moreover, the catalytic effect of carbon nanotubes in epoxy curing is attributed to altering the microgel structure, affecting the reaction rate dependencies on structural parameters. Understanding catalyst decomposition mechanisms is crucial for optimizing polymerization processes and enhancing the efficiency of epoxy curing reactions.
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Mass synthesis of carbon nanotubes can be achieved through various methods. One approach involves using an alkali metal catalyst precursor solution sprayed and heat-treated while supplying a carbon source, leading to the growth of carbon nanotubes and subsequent removal of the catalyst. Another method involves plasma generation without a separate reductant to synthesize a catalyst for continuous high-purity carbon nanotube synthesis. Additionally, techniques like ball milling, arc-discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition are commonly used for nanotube synthesis, with chemical vapor deposition offering better control over the process parameters. Synthesizing CNTs using graphites and carbon black in a controlled setting is a natural method, but synthetically developed techniques are crucial for pharmaceutical applications due to their improved properties.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are highly promising materials due to their exceptional properties like high Young's modulus, electrical and thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength. These properties make CNTs attractive for applications in various fields such as biomedicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, sensors, and energy storage. Functionalized CNTs offer a higher surface-to-volume ratio, making them suitable for carrying molecules for targeting, therapy, and imaging in biomedical applications. Moreover, CNTs can be modified to address toxicity concerns, enhancing their safety for use in diagnostics, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. The unique combination of properties in CNTs positions them as versatile materials with immense potential for advancing science and technology across multiple disciplines.
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Nanofiltration has shown promising effectiveness in removing paracetamol from water sources. Studies have highlighted the successful removal of paracetamol along with other pharmaceuticals using loose nanofiltration membranes, with impressive removal rates ranging from 49% to 99.7%. Additionally, the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been explored for paracetamol removal, showing a high removal efficiency of 95.40% under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the adsorption of paracetamol onto copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) has demonstrated high adsorption capacities, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 64.52 mg/g, indicating the potential of CuONPs as efficient adsorbents for paracetamol removal. Overall, nanofiltration, CNTs, and CuONPs present viable methods for effectively removing paracetamol from water sources, showcasing their potential in water treatment applications.
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Water in one place can dry faster due to specific mechanisms and structures designed for efficient drying. For instance, a place drying device with absorbing layers and rollers enhances drying efficiency by absorbing water effectively. Additionally, an intelligent water quality measuring device allows for precise water sampling without the need for personnel to approach risky areas, improving collection speed and safety. Moreover, a water retaining system for flood control in underground places ensures rapid drainage and drying through a series of devices like water blocking plates and ventilation systems, preventing water accumulation and promoting quick drying. Furthermore, nanochannels with sharp corners can enhance drying rates significantly by siphoning water efficiently, independent of environmental humidity levels, which can expedite the drying process in specific locations.
Carbon-Based Adsorbents for PFAS Remediation - Carbon Nanotubes?
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Carbon-based adsorbents, such as carbon nanotubes, have shown promising potential for PFAS remediation. Studies have highlighted the exceptional adsorption properties of carbon nanotubes due to their high surface area, porosity, and various adsorption sites. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes can enhance their adsorptive properties, making them selective towards specific pollutants like PFAS. Carbon nanotubes interact with PFAS through mechanisms like physical adsorption, electrostatic interactions, and chemical bonding. Additionally, novel nanocomposites like nNiFe-activated carbon have demonstrated significant PFAS reduction and fluoride generation, showing promise for PFAS transformation in both batch and flow conditions. These findings suggest that carbon-based adsorbents, including carbon nanotubes and nanocomposites, hold great potential for effective PFAS remediation strategies.
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The material composition of a Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) battery typically involves the utilization of LTO combined with other materials to enhance its properties. Various studies have explored different composite structures to improve the performance of LTO batteries. These composites include LTO/polyether sulfone (PES) synthesized via laser ablation, LTO combined with carbon nanostructures like graphene (G) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), LTO with graphene synthesized through reduction processes, LTO with graphene added through a sol-gel method, and mesoporous LTO microspheres with carbon-coatings formed through phase separation of block copolymers. These composite structures aim to address the challenges of low electronic conductivity and lithium-ion diffusivity in LTO, enhancing the overall performance of LTO batteries.