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The combination of both types of transistor on the same chip provides a high performance circuit with a high packing density.
The gate capacitance plays an important role in determining which transistor delivers a larger on current.
In this paper, we propose a structure that improves the OFF state and switching behavior of the transistor without increase in the transistor length.
Thus, the TBJ can also be used as a transistor.
This architecture allows expansion of transistor width in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, thus not consuming extra chip area, achieving area efficiency.
We propose and demonstrate a test chip for extraction of spatial and layout dependent variations in both transistor and interconnect structures.
Our test chip also demonstrates the effectiveness of design with transistor array with several typical analog circuits.

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How the scan speed test is applied in biosensors?
5 answers
Scan speed testing in biosensors involves utilizing high-speed serial links for scan testing, enabling rapid data transfer between the tester and the device under test. This method allows for efficient scan shifting without increasing power usage or heating in the circuit, ensuring speedy testing of the biosensor. Additionally, asynchronous optical sampling with detuned femtosecond lasers can be employed to spectrally characterize integrated THz resonators in biosensors, facilitating high-throughput analytics through temporal delay scanning at kilohertz frequencies. Furthermore, the use of selective switching between functional and scan clocks, along with pulse and clock generation circuitries, enables effective testing of circuitries in biosensors. By analyzing the effect of scan speed on collecting junction current across a p-n junction, biosensors can determine minority-carrier-diffusion coefficients and lifetimes accurately.
Area of not gate in 45nm technology
5 answers
The abstracts provided do not contain specific information about the area of a NOT gate in 45nm technology.
Can i detect the torque of perpendicular MTJ by stfmr?
4 answers
Yes, the torque of a perpendicular Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) can be detected using Spin-Torque Ferromagnetic Resonance (ST-FMR). ST-FMR is a technique that can be used to measure the efficiency of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in spintronic devices. In the case of a perpendicular MTJ, the ST-FMR spectrum shows two resonance modes: in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization precession modes. By performing modulation of the damping measurement for these modes, the dampinglike torque efficiency can be determined. The obtained values of dampinglike torque efficiency are consistent with each other, indicating the effectiveness of ST-FMR measurements for determining the torque efficiency of a perpendicular MTJ.
How does closed-loop pressure control in microfluidics compare to traditional pressure control methods in terms of precision and accuracy?
4 answers
Closed-loop pressure control in microfluidics offers higher precision and accuracy compared to traditional pressure control methods. The usage of Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) technique in microfluidics allows for real-time detection of flowing droplets, providing a precise 3-D measurement of droplet volume as a feedback signal. Incorporating a closed-loop feedback control scheme with PID feedback control further enhances accuracy and monodispersity of on-demand droplet generation, while resisting internal or external perturbations. Another approach to improve control in microfluidic systems is the use of pressure-controlled networks, which eliminate the need for control droplets and instead use a single pump to drive switches, resulting in more reliable and robust operation. Additionally, the use of a proportional and integral (PI) controller in closed-loop control pressure-driven devices improves the dynamic characteristics and enables precise measurement and control of pressure-driven flows in microfluidic systems.
What project i built in AI electronics?
5 answers
In the field of AI electronics, a project has been developed to diagnose Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) using an Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) system. This system utilizes a neural network approach to classify visible defects on a SMT-PCB. Another project focuses on the commercialization of Organic and Large-area Electronics (OLAE) in Europe. The COLAE project aims to promote the commercial exploitation of OLAE technology, provide training and support services, and establish an OLAE feasibility network. Additionally, a project demonstrates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for automatic online real-time optimization of a power electronics converter. This project utilizes a dual active bridge (DAB) converter and a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm to achieve improved efficiency in power conversion and supply. Finally, a project aims to develop a new class of memory devices for AI applications. This project focuses on controlled incorporation of metal ions into the insulating layer of a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) transistor to create a low-energy, non-volatile, and neuromorphic memory device.
How does eavesdropper decode the signals?
4 answers
The eavesdropper decodes the signals using various techniques depending on the specific system model. In the case of a wiretap channel system, the eavesdropper employs an iterative block decision feedback equalization decoder to estimate the received signal and extract the information signal and jamming signal. In a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system, the eavesdropper uses an iterative least-squares (ILS) core procedure or an enhanced ILS (E-ILS) procedure to blindly extract the information symbols of the concurrent users. In a time-spreading optical code division multiple access communication system, the eavesdropper can extract the code from the waveform of the noiselike encoded signal by analyzing the chip numbers between transitions. In uplink satellite communication systems, the eavesdropper decodes the signals individually using directional beamforming with fixed- or steerable-beam antennas.
What's the softbank pepper waiting mode?
4 answers
The SoftBank Pepper robot has a waiting mode where it decreases the higher potential and increases the lower potential while the substrate potentials remain unchanged. In this waiting mode, the robot is not actively performing tasks but is ready to respond to user interactions. The waiting mode helps conserve power and allows the robot to be in a standby state until it is needed for further actions.
Can the aesthetic experience of art or nature influence the salivary levels of oxytocin?
5 answers
The aesthetic experience of art or nature can influence the salivary levels of oxytocin. In a pilot study, Tanaka et al. found that participatory art activities led to a significantly higher increase in salivary oxytocin levels in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developed children. Additionally, Ohshiro et al. developed an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) sensor that successfully detected oxytocin in human saliva, suggesting the potential for portable sensors to monitor oxytocin levels. Furthermore, Breiby's study on nature-based tourism revealed that aesthetic dimensions such as scenery/viewing and art/architecture can influence tourists' satisfaction, indicating a potential link between aesthetics and oxytocin release. Although not directly addressing oxytocin levels, Tsai and Tsai's study on interactive brick sculpture discussed the elements of aesthetic interaction and pleasure, which could potentially impact oxytocin release during art experiences. Overall, these studies suggest that the aesthetic experience of art or nature may have an influence on salivary oxytocin levels.
What is the effect of impurity atoms on the structure and properties of carbon nitrides?
5 answers
Impurity atoms have significant effects on the structure and properties of carbon nitrides. The presence of impurities can alter the electrical and optical properties of carbon nitrides, leading to changes in their conductivity and photoluminescence behavior. In addition, impurities can influence the spin-dependent transport characteristics of carbon nanotubes, affecting the spin-dependent current and tunnel magnetoresistance. Furthermore, the electronic properties of metal-doped carbon nanotubes can be modified by the presence of impurities, depending on the doping polarity and concentration. Overall, impurity atoms play a crucial role in shaping the structural and electronic properties of carbon nitrides, making them important considerations for the design and optimization of carbon-based devices and materials.
Can the RFID integrated circuit be used alone to change the LED brightness?
5 answers
No, the RFID integrated circuit cannot be used alone to change the LED brightness. However, there are other methods proposed in the papers that can modulate the luminous intensity of LEDs. One paper suggests integrating multilevel resistive random access memories (RRAMs) with LEDs to control the injection current and modulate the luminous intensity. Another paper proposes a brightness and color control method for a wireless LED system using pulse width modulation (PWM) average power control and time-division multiplexing. Additionally, a CMOS intelligent light sensing chip is proposed for automatic brightness tuning applications, which integrates analog processing circuits and light sensors. Furthermore, a wireless dimmable lighting system using variable-power variable-frequency (VPVF) control is implemented to widen the LED dimming range. Lastly, a self-variable-voltage light information transmission integrated system (SVV-LTS) is reported, which can be used in low-power optical communication transmission systems.
Are the Droplet 3D-printing technologies rapidly developing?
4 answers
Droplet 3D-printing technologies are rapidly developing. These technologies offer advantages such as low-cost and fast prototyping, precise control of droplet interfacial properties, and the ability to quickly customize various chips required for experiments. They also enable the continuous generation of droplets with high precision control and high throughput. 3D printing technology combined with microfluidics allows for the fabrication of customizable microfluidic devices that can produce highly monodisperse droplets and emulsions. The use of 3D printing in droplet-based microfluidics production has significant potential applications. Overall, the rapid growth of droplet 3D-printing technologies is revolutionizing manufacturing by providing a high degree of design freedom, customization, and improved fabrication of microfluidic devices.