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Nevertheless, these new CVD-grown diamonds can be identified on the basis of certain characteristic gemological and spectroscopic features.
It means diamond morphology by in-liquid plasma CVD method can be controlled by process parameters as well as gas phase CVD method.
To our knowledge, this is the highest value reported so far for CVD diamond.
The results confirm the applicability of CVD diamond for this beam monitoring application
The observation that fatigue does not reduce the strength of CVD diamond in normal environments adds to its attractiveness for various applications.
In addition, the presented results have demonstrated for the CVD diamonds that Δ may vary with electron energy and it could be influenced by defect levels.
Our results suggest that using FT-IR combined with UV fluorescent images, PL, and CL analysis might be an appropriate method for identifying CVD diamonds.
Finally, it is suggested that the defects characteristic of CVD diamonds may be caused by double bonds of various forms.

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Is scholary publishing / diamond open access a realistic approach?
5 answers
The scholarly publishing model faces systemic challenges, with for-profit publishers often prioritizing profit over value addition. Diamond Open Access (DOA) journals, like those in geoscience, offer a solution by providing free access and publication, promoting equity and inclusion. Countries like Norway are actively supporting Open Access initiatives, indicating a global shift towards more accessible publishing models. Libraries, such as Edinburgh University Library, are also embracing DOA by offering hosting services for journals and books, further promoting transparency and community engagement. Overall, the move towards DOA represents a realistic and progressive approach to scholarly publishing, addressing issues of financial accessibility, transparency, and inclusivity in the academic publishing ecosystem.
Does pressure drop in this mode mean enhanced mass tarsfer?
4 answers
The relationship between pressure drop and enhanced mass transfer is multifaceted and depends on the specific conditions and configurations of the flow system. In the realm of rheological studies, enhanced pressure drops in planar contraction flows for certain fluids have been linked to specific flow structures and deformation rates, suggesting a complex interaction between pressure dynamics and flow behavior that could influence mass transfer indirectly by affecting flow patterns and rates. Similarly, in the design of enhanced catalyst substrates, the pressure drop across periodic open cellular structures, such as tetrakaidekahedral and diamond lattices, has been analyzed to optimize heat and mass transfer-limited processes, indicating that a controlled pressure drop can indeed facilitate improved mass transfer by optimizing the flow conditions. In microcantilever technology used for mass sensing, the detection capabilities are enhanced not directly by pressure drop but through the measurement of multiple three-dimensional modes in the microcantilever vibration spectrum, which indirectly relates to the fluid dynamics affecting mass transfer. The study of two-pass square channels with rib-roughened walls for turbine airfoil cooling passages shows that pressure drop and mass transfer characteristics are significantly influenced by the channel geometry and flow conditions, suggesting that pressure drop can be a factor in mass transfer enhancement under specific conditions. Investigations into the flow of concentrated suspensions through contractions and expansions have shown that pressure drop relative to Newtonian fluids can indicate changes in flow behavior that might enhance mass transfer, especially at higher particle volume fractions. The natural convection processes also demonstrate that prolonged heat and mass transfer can be significantly enhanced, suggesting that under certain conditions, pressure drop could play a role in facilitating mass transfer. In packed columns operated in countercurrent flow, the interconnection between mass transfer and fluid dynamics is explicitly linked to the pressure drop, which is correlated with packed column efficiency, directly tying pressure drop to mass transfer efficiency. However, in two-phase condensation tests, an increase in pressure drop did not necessarily correlate with improved heat transfer, indicating that enhanced pressure drop does not always mean enhanced mass transfer. Experimental studies on steam-water flow in adiabatic tubes have shown that pressure drop increases with vapor quality and mass flux, affecting the design of heat transfer equipment, which suggests that while pressure drop is a critical design consideration, its relationship to mass transfer enhancement is complex and dependent on the specific system parameters. Lastly, the development of an analytical equation for evaluating the influence of increased mass transfer coefficients in short-cycle operations suggests that while pressure drop considerations are crucial, the direct relationship to mass transfer enhancement is nuanced and requires careful analysis. In summary, while pressure drop is a critical factor in the design and analysis of various flow systems, its direct correlation to enhanced mass transfer is not universally applicable but rather dependent on the specific conditions, configurations, and the physical phenomena being exploited or controlled within the system.
Where does Rock falls occur in free state province?
4 answers
Rock falls in the Free State Province of South Africa are not explicitly discussed in the provided contexts. However, the contexts provide valuable information on various topics related to the region, such as San rock art sites depicting cosmological beliefs, safety concerns in township secondary schools, and the analysis of therianthropic paintings in the Motheo District. While these contexts offer insights into different aspects of the Free State Province, they do not specifically address the occurrence of rock falls in the area. Therefore, based on the data available, the exact locations or frequency of rock falls in the Free State Province remain unspecified in the provided research papers.
Why does increasing the scan rate of CV result in a different peak of V2O5?
4 answers
Increasing the scan rate in cyclic voltammetry (CV) for V2O5 thin films can lead to different peaks due to various factors. The scan rate influences the crystallinity, morphology, and optical properties of V2O5 films. Higher scan rates can affect the oxidation states of vanadium in the films, impacting the local structure and deposition rate. Additionally, the scan rate can alter the peak shape and position in mass spectra, causing peak narrowing and asymmetry. Therefore, the changes in the scan rate can result in variations in the electrochemical behavior and structural properties of V2O5 thin films, leading to different peaks in the CV analysis.
What is the use of retaining walls next to a roadway?
5 answers
Retaining walls next to a roadway serve various purposes such as enhancing safety, stability, and water management. These structures can effectively support road retaining side barriers, absorbing energy during impacts for increased safety. Additionally, retaining wall structures can counter back face pressure by utilizing ground-contact reaction forces, reducing construction costs and time. Incorporating connecting columns and ground gripping columns in retaining walls for water conservancy projects improves stability, prevents slipping, and enhances pressure resistance through water guide and buffer devices. Furthermore, retaining walls in civil engineering construction utilize cross beams and rubble layers to distribute forces, reduce transverse forces, and ensure stability among wall bodies, ultimately decreasing the risk of collapse. Anchor rod-type material retaining walls for roadways allow for displacement adjustments and alignment of multiple wallboards on a straight line for structural integrity.
How does the strong adhesion between graphene and substrates affect the formation of a tribo-film?
5 answers
The strong adhesion between graphene and substrates plays a crucial role in the formation of a tribo-film.This adhesion, influenced by factors like substrate ductility and surface functional groups, enhances the durability and load capacity of graphene films.Additionally, the presence of functional groups on graphene flakes affects the formation of interfacial bonds, impacting the tribological properties of the sliding contacts.Moreover, the adhesive attraction between graphene and the underlying surface significantly influences the friction force experienced by graphene, with plasma treatment of substrates shown to reduce friction.Furthermore, the adhesion between composite films and substrates, facilitated by enhanced hydrophobicity and chemical bonding, leads to lower friction coefficients and improved tribological properties.Overall, strong adhesion between graphene and substrates is essential for forming protective and lubricious tribo-films, enhancing the performance of graphene-based solid lubricants in various engineering applications.
What the lowest percentage Sb used in InAs/InAsSb superlattices?
5 answers
The lowest percentage of Sb used in InAs/InAsSb superlattices is 0.23% as reported in one of the studies. This study also mentions another example with a targeted composition of 33.3% Sb in the InAs1-xSbx layers. Additionally, another research paper discusses the growth of InPSb/InAs superlattice materials with a lattice mismatch of less than 0.09%, indicating the use of InPSb in the superlattice structure. Furthermore, theoretical modeling work suggests that increasing the Sb fraction in the InAsSb alloy can significantly reduce the superlattice period required for long-wavelength cutoffs in InAs/InAsSb superlattices. These findings collectively highlight the versatility and tunability of Sb concentrations in InAs/InAsSb superlattices for various applications.
What is the Yield strength of coronary arteries?
5 answers
The yield strength of coronary arteries is not explicitly mentioned in the provided contexts. However, the mechanical properties of coronary arteries have been extensively studied. Studies on human coronary arteries have been limited, with most research conducted on animal models. The biomechanical milieu of coronary arteries involves unique deformations due to their tethering to the epicardial surface, impacting factors like hydraulic resistance. Additionally, shear stress and strain within coronary arteries have been investigated, showing a correlation between shear stress levels and plaque destabilization, potentially leading to plaque rupture. While the exact yield strength value is not provided, these studies collectively contribute to understanding the mechanical behavior and responses of coronary arteries under different conditions.
Is the on state resistance value of planar mosfet 0.1368 ohms/square centimeter acceptable?
4 answers
The on-state resistance value of 0.1368 ohms/square centimeter for a planar MOSFET is considered acceptable in the realm of power MOSFET design. This value is crucial in determining the efficiency and performance of the MOSFET in various applications. Different MOSFET technologies, such as trench-gate and strip-based layouts, have varying on-state resistances that impact their suitability for specific applications. Advanced MOSFET designs, like the SiC trench/planar MOSFET (TP-MOS), aim to reduce on-state resistance by increasing channel density and optimizing structural features. Additionally, innovative techniques for modeling MOSFET characteristics, such as the novel ON-state resistance modeling technique, play a vital role in accurately predicting and optimizing power losses in MOSFET power switches. Therefore, the specified on-state resistance value aligns with acceptable performance standards in MOSFET technology.
Doped pdms with graphene as a gas sensor
5 answers
Doping PDMS with graphene for gas sensing purposes has shown promising results in various studies. Graphene derivatives have been selectively tuned to sense common gases like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, showing improved electrical properties when doped with Ni and As. Additionally, the sensitivity of gas molecules, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), significantly increases in doped armchair graphene nanoribbons, with phosphorus-doped graphene exhibiting high binding energy and charge transfer values, making it ideal for gas sensing applications. Moreover, incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly on graphene sensors has been proven to enhance sensitivity to gas molecules by about 4 times, indicating the potential for highly-sensitive miniature multi-gas sensors for disease detection. These findings suggest that doping PDMS with graphene can indeed enhance gas sensing capabilities, offering improved sensitivity and selectivity.
How does chemical vapor growth of graphene work?
5 answers
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for graphene growth involves complex gas-phase surface reactions, mass, momentum, and energy transfer processes. Factors like temperature, pressure, and reactor design play crucial roles in optimizing graphene synthesis. Electric fields applied during CVD can significantly impact graphene growth, enabling selective or rapid growth of clean films. Direct CVD of graphene on specific substrates like 3C-SiC can be challenging due to low carbon atom diffusion, necessitating alternative methods like PECVD for successful growth. A modified CVD method utilizing ceramic plates and defect-rich vertical graphene accelerates graphene growth without increasing nucleation density, enabling rapid millimeter-sized graphene grain production in minutes. Overall, CVD processes involve intricate mechanisms combining chemical reactions, transport phenomena, and reactor optimization to achieve efficient graphene synthesis.