scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 10 papers

More filters
Papers (10)Insight
It offers several advantages in the context of HVAC systems.
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems use a large amount of energy, and so they are an interesting area for efficiency improvements.
Therefore, HVAC is one of ideal users of heat pump applications, and thus high-grade energy used in HVAC can be replaced with a large number of low-temperature renewable energy.
In addition, simple and practical computation and evaluation procedure is easily applied by HVAC designers or decision-makers.
With these advantages, it is expected that the method will be accepted by HVAC industries.
In addition, high efficiency HVAC can provide enhanced thermal comfort for people, as well as to contribute to the improvement of environmental quality in the room.
Results indicated that it is crucial to optimize the HVAC systems, ventilation rates and occupants behavior in order to reduce the exposure to air pollutants in fitness centers and to potentiate the benefits of sport activities.
The findings of this article shed some light on how to compare HVAC calculations and how to control key factors in order to obtain consistent results from various BEMPs.
The analysis reveals that the largest opportunities for reduction in energy use come from proper maintenance and operation of HVAC equipment and schedules.
It enables designers to configure and size HVAC equipment for different climatic conditions, in terms of building type, indoor requirements, outdoor and indoor air pollution.

See what other people are reading

What are the top ai to model microclimate or thermal comfort papers?
5 answers
The top papers utilizing AI to model microclimate or thermal comfort include studies that focus on the impacts of macro- and micro-climatic factors on outdoor thermal comfort, developing environmental performance prediction models using machine learning algorithms, and simulating microclimatic conditions in indoor environments to optimize thermal comfort. Additionally, research has been conducted on the interdependencies between the built environment, Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) calculations, and travel behaviors for urban mobility patterns. These studies emphasize the importance of considering both macroclimate and microclimate factors, utilizing AI techniques like artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms to enhance the understanding and prediction of thermal comfort and microclimate conditions in various environments.
What is the effect of excessive heat on student?
4 answers
Excessive heat can have detrimental effects on students, impacting their health, well-being, and learning outcomes. Research indicates that exposure to extreme heat during physical education activities can lead to heat-related illnesses, dehydration, impaired concentration, and cognitive abilities. Furthermore, studies show that hotter school days, especially those with extreme heat, can reduce students' academic performance, with minority students being disproportionately affected. The vulnerability of primary school students to heat waves due to climate change is a significant concern, emphasizing the urgent need for heat risk management in schools to protect students from the adverse effects of heat exposure. Implementing strategies like the Heat Smart action plan can help mitigate the impact of excessive heat on students during physical activities and in educational settings.
What are the future research directions for thermal dynamic models and energy management in buildings?
4 answers
Future research directions for thermal dynamic models and energy management in buildings include advancing integrated hybrid models for passive buildings with active power management, exploring the use of phase change materials (PCM) in building components to reduce energy consumption and enhance thermal comfort, implementing predictive control approaches for building thermal systems to achieve desired performance and energy optimization, and investigating efficient control strategies for HVAC systems through a combination of data-driven and model-based methods. These directions emphasize the importance of enhancing model accuracy, optimizing energy usage, and improving thermal comfort in buildings through innovative approaches that consider both system constraints and environmental conditions. Further research is needed to validate and verify these control methods for practical implementation in real-world building scenarios.
How many urban green infrastructure effect building heating energy.?
5 answers
Urban green infrastructure, such as green walls, green roofs, and trees, can significantly impact building heating energy demand. Research indicates that green walls can reduce heating building energy demand by up to 16.5%. Additionally, green roofs and green walls contribute to reducing heat loss in buildings during winter, leading to decreased energy needs throughout the year. Studies have shown that larger green sites induce a stronger cooling effect, with park cool island effects ranging between 1.5°C to 3.5°C, regardless of climatic region. Overall, urban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in mitigating urban heat islands and enhancing human comfort by reducing building heating energy demand through various mechanisms like shading, evaporative cooling, and insulative properties.
How using abandoned chimneys as solar chimneys to induce airflow and improve thermal comfort in residential areas?
10 answers
Utilizing abandoned chimneys as solar chimneys to induce airflow and enhance thermal comfort in residential areas is a sustainable approach that leverages existing structures to improve ventilation and reduce reliance on mechanical air conditioning. Solar chimneys operate on the principle of thermal buoyancy, where solar radiation heats the air within the chimney, causing it to rise and create a natural ventilation effect that draws cooler air into the living spaces from outside or other parts of the building. This method not only improves indoor air quality but also contributes to thermal comfort by maintaining a more consistent indoor temperature. Studies have shown that incorporating solar chimneys in buildings can significantly reduce the need for electromechanical air conditioning, which is a major consumer of energy and a source of greenhouse gas emissions. The effectiveness of solar chimneys in enhancing thermal comfort has been demonstrated in various climates, including semi-humid, hot-arid, and cold semi-arid environments, making them a versatile solution for different geographical locations. The design and optimization of solar chimneys, including the use of phase change materials (PCMs) and earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHE), can further improve their performance by stabilizing temperature fluctuations and providing cooling or heating as required. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and other numerical models have been instrumental in understanding the flow and thermal dynamics within solar chimneys, allowing for the design of more efficient systems. Moreover, the integration of solar chimneys into existing buildings, such as retrofitting abandoned chimneys, presents an opportunity to enhance natural ventilation without significant structural modifications. This approach not only improves the indoor environmental quality but also contributes to energy savings and sustainability by utilizing renewable energy sources. Research and development in this field continue to explore the best performance conditions and design strategies to maximize the benefits of solar chimneys in residential areas.
What are factors that affect outdoor temperature?
5 answers
Factors influencing outdoor temperature include building parameters like relative height, orientation, and vegetation cover. Lower outdoor temperatures are associated with adverse effects on cholesterol, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, and vitamin D levels. On-site variables such as sky view factor and vegetation height impact outdoor temperature reduction, with lower sky view factors enhancing the cooling effect of vegetation. Environmental factors like sun and wind can affect temperature sensor accuracy, with errors scaling with temperature differences between surfaces and ambient air. Macroclimate factors like latitude, distance from the sea, and altitude, along with microclimate factors such as urban geometry and vegetation, play crucial roles in outdoor thermal comfort improvement. Considering these factors is essential in understanding and managing outdoor temperature variations.
What are variables of thermal comfort analysis?
5 answers
The variables commonly considered in thermal comfort analysis include air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, clothing insulation, and metabolism rate. These variables play a crucial role in assessing and predicting the comfort levels of occupants in indoor environments. Additionally, factors such as individual differences in human thermal perception have led to the exploration of new variables to enhance thermal comfort evaluations. Furthermore, the concept of thermal comfort extends beyond physical variables to include perceptions, sensations, and adaptations to climate change in various sectors like tourism and recreation. Implementing sensor networks to monitor environmental variables like temperature, humidity, air quality, light intensity, and noise level can aid in maintaining optimal thermal comfort conditions for occupants in workspaces.
How many sea water air conditioning installations are there in the world?
4 answers
As of now, Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) installations are not very widespread globally due to factors like high initial investment costs. However, successful deployments have been observed. The SWAC technology has been implemented in various locations, such as the atoll of Tetiaroa in French Polynesia, the northern Arabian Gulf, and at the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority in the United States. These installations showcase the potential of SWAC systems in different regions and climates. While specific global numbers are not provided in the given contexts, it is evident that SWAC technology is being utilized in multiple locations worldwide, albeit not yet on a large scale. Efforts are being made to enhance the efficiency and applicability of SWAC systems for broader implementation.
What is Techno-economic analysis in evaluating energy conversion?
4 answers
Techno-economic analysis (TEA) plays a crucial role in evaluating energy conversion processes by assessing both the technological and economic feasibility of different conversion technologies. It involves analyzing factors such as production costs, revenue generation, payback periods, net present value, and internal rate of return to determine the viability and profitability of energy conversion methods. TEA helps in comparing various technologies like liquefaction, gasification, and pyrolysis, considering their efficiency, costs, and environmental impact. By utilizing models, simulations, and sensitivity analyses, TEA aids in decision-making for selecting the most suitable energy conversion technology based on optimal conditions and economic performance. Overall, TEA serves as a valuable tool in guiding the development and commercialization of sustainable energy solutions.
How to place 3 people in a room for minimum viral transmission?
5 answers
To minimize viral transmission in a room while accommodating three people, several key factors should be considered. Implementing measures such as wearing masks, increasing ventilation, and testing significantly contribute to reducing the risk of transmission. Utilizing a low-cost tracking system that monitors environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels can help assess the risk of virus spread and prompt actions to mitigate it. Additionally, using air filters with a combination of MERV8+MERV16 grades has been shown to effectively reduce viral transmission through HVAC systems, providing a cost-conscious alternative to HEPA filters. By combining these strategies, it is possible to create a safer environment for three individuals in a room, minimizing the risk of viral transmission.
What is the eco-friendly apartments?
5 answers
Eco-friendly apartments incorporate various sustainable features to minimize environmental impact and enhance residents' well-being. These apartments utilize innovative systems like eco-friendly communication antennas, energy-saving window structures, air purification and ventilation ducts releasing beneficial anions, and building designs resembling trees for energy efficiency and resource recycling. Additionally, some eco-friendly apartments integrate greenhouse units for plant cultivation and air purification, supplying purified air to living spaces for a healthier environment. By combining these elements, eco-friendly apartments promote sustainability, energy efficiency, air quality improvement, and a harmonious coexistence with nature, offering residents a comfortable and environmentally conscious living experience.