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|---|---|
52 Citations | These measurements indicate that not only can $\mathrm{O}_{4}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ play an important role in experiments involving negative ions in oxygen, but also that any future attempts to model the negative-ion chemistry of the atmosphere must include the reactions of the $\mathrm{O}_{4}^{}{}_{}{}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion. |
28 Citations | This indicates a generation channel of negative ions that becomes effective with decreasing electron temperature. |
8 Citations | It is, therefore, necessary to invoke an additional production channel for the negative ions in order to explain the observed high negative ion density. |
53 Citations | The data obtained indicate that the biological activity of negative air ions may be dependent on superoxide. |
28 Citations | A simple global model for the negative oxygen ion density supports the experimental results. |
26 Citations | This helps to search an optimum condition for the production of negative ions for an ion source and plasma processing, etc. |
20 Citations | These results indicate that this particular physiological response is produced by small negative air ions and is not dependent on the accompanying electrical fields. |
| The detection of negative ions in the coma near 1 AU implies that in similar neutral gas and dust environments farther away from the Sun (in Jupiter's or Saturn's magnetospheres3, for example), negative ions should also be present. | |
14 Citations | The results of this experiment indicate that the negative oxygen ions have a significant effect on sleep quality. |
21 Citations | This has so far largely been used for positive ions2,3, but it is adaptable to the study of negative ions, albeit with a somewhat reduced sensitivity. |
Related Questions
What is negative?5 answersNegatives can be understood in various contexts. In photography, a negative refers to an image with reversed tonalities due to light-sensitive silver halide. In drug development, negative design methods aim to filter out compounds with undesired properties early on, focusing on drug-likeness, frequent hitters, and toxicity prediction. Philosophically, the negative way involves seeking truth through negation rather than affirmation, as seen in Socratic irony and Zen practices. Linguistically, negation is a complex linguistic unit used for rejection, denial, and expressing non-existence, with various functions and meanings across different languages and social settings. Negative studies, on the other hand, are inconclusive or null hypothesis studies that face publication bias, with efforts made to increase their visibility in academic literature.
How do negative nanoparticles affect the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity compared to cationic liposomes?5 answersNegative nanoparticles have been found to have different effects on cellular uptake and cytotoxicity compared to cationic liposomes. Hydrophobic and positively charged nanoparticles exhibit higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity induction, while hydrophilic and negatively charged nanoparticles show lower capabilities in these aspects. However, the presence of humic acids (HAs) can alleviate some of the uptake and toxicity of nanoparticles, but the modified activities are still higher than those of hydrophilic and negatively charged nanoparticles. The adsorption of HAs on the nanoparticle surface can modify the surface properties and influence subsequent interactions with cells. These findings suggest that the surface charge of nanoparticles plays a crucial role in their cellular uptake and cytotoxicity, with negative nanoparticles showing different behavior compared to cationic liposomes.
Why negative ions electrospray are easier to form?5 answersNegative ions are easier to form in electrospray because they offer several advantages. Firstly, negative polarity in electrospray ionization (ESI) can yield lower average charge states for membrane proteins solubilized in saccharide detergents, resulting in enhanced peak resolution and reduced adduct formation. Secondly, polyprotic acids that are strongly acidic and have high hydrophobicity can give multiply charged ions in negative mode electrospray. Thirdly, ionic liquids can be used as solvents in ESI-MS, allowing the detection of charged analytes dissolved in these liquids. Lastly, the addition of certain compounds, such as m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA), to electrospray solutions can enhance the formation of higher charge state ions in negative mode ESI. Overall, negative ions in electrospray offer improved ionization efficiencies and the ability to generate higher charge states, making them advantageous for various applications in mass spectrometry.
What is negative capacitance in mosfet?5 answersNegative capacitance in MOSFET refers to the utilization of ferroelectric materials to achieve a reduction in voltage across the ferroelectrics, resulting in a negative capacitance and subthreshold swing less than 60 mv/decade. This effect improves the performance and efficiency of MOSFETs compared to conventional planar MOSFETs. By incorporating a thin layer of ferroelectric material in the gate stack, a series combination of ferroelectric and dielectric capacitors is formed, leading to a higher gate-source voltage and maintaining a high on-current. The integration of negative capacitance has shown remarkable improvement in subthreshold swing, achieving a steeper slope of 50.75 mV/dec compared to baseline MOSFETs. This effect has the potential to replace conventional MOSFET devices in low-power circuits.
What are popular IMS calibrants for negative ion mode for inorganic molecules?5 answersIsoflurane (IsoF) is a strong candidate as a negative ion mode calibrant for IMS applications. Tetraorganylborates and their alkali-metal bound oligomers [Mn-1(BR4)n]- (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; R = aryl, Et; n = 1-6) have been proposed as calibrants for electrospray ionization (ESI) TWIMS. The negative reactant ions O-, OH-, O2-, O3-, NO2-, and CO3- have been observed in High Kinetic Energy Ion Mobility Spectrometers (HiKE-IMS). Ammonium sulfate is used as a calibrant in an ion mobility spectrometer to create ammonia gas for detection signals. Fomblin, PFK, and FC-43 are investigated as mass calibrants in electron-capture negative ionization mass spectrometry.
What are negative ions called?10 answers