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What is the best mortar for ceramic tile? 

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The results indicate that in strength, deformation and durability, this new material is superior to conventional cement–lime mortar.
The bond strength results have clearly shown the improvement of adherence at the tile-polymer modified mortar interface, reflecting the overall balance of silane, cement and polymer interactions.
The results suggest that the addition of alumina – through distinct mineral sources – may be an interesting alternative to prevent the crystallization of calcium silicates, which reduce the transparency of glazes used in the ceramic tile sector.
Finally, an ecological glass-ceramic glaze perfectly fitting on porcelain ceramic tile has been produced, exhibiting a unique phase, anorthite, which ensures a high flexural strength (around 96 MPa) and a significant Vickers microhardness of 250 GPa, improving the mechanical properties of a conventional the porcelain ceramic tile.
As a consequence, it is the mortar-tile interface that dominates the properties of the entire hardened substrate-mortar-tile system.
Based on the results, it was concluded that the utilisation of ceramic waste in the production of sustainable mortar that is exposed to aggressive environments is technically and environmentally feasible.
The obtained ceramic tiles possess properties similar to commercial ceramic floor and/or wall tiles.
The approach opens new opportunities for the sintered ceramic as a proppant material since the ceramic system displays low acid solubility and good flexural strength.

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