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What is the doubling time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Respiratory disease

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Open access•Journal Article•DOI New recommendations for duration of respiratory isolation based on time to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in liquid culture. Stephen Ritchie, Adrian C. Harrison, Ross H. Vaughan, Lester Calder, Arthur J. Morris - Show less +4 more 01 Sep 2007-European Respiratory Journal 29 Citations	Provided clinical and radiographical criteria are satisfactory, use of the time to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in liquid culture could enable the duration of respiratory isolation to be predicted from the pre-treatment sputum smear grade.
Journal Article•DOI The evaluation of FASTPlaqueTBTM test for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis Ali Albay, Ozgul Kisa, Orhan Baylan, Levent Doganci - Show less +3 more 01 Jul 2003-Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 44 Citations	We conclude that FASTPlaqueTB test has a good potential for rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a result of the evaluation of these three tests by comparison to the BACTEC 460 TB culture system.
Journal Article•DOI Viability of mycobacteria in formalin-fixed lungs Kenneth F Gerston, Lucille Blumberg, Vusi A Tshabalala, Jill Murray - Show less +3 more 01 May 2004-Human Pathology 36 Citations	Of 138 cases with histologic evidence of acid-fast bacilli, 12 grew mycobacteria, including 3 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, suggesting that there is a risk of contracting tuberculosis from tissue that has been fixed in formalin, if aerosolization or accidental inoculation should occur.

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What are the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?5 answersMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) exhibits various characteristics that contribute to its pathogenicity and impact on human health. MTB is the causative agent of tuberculosis, a disease causing over 1.8 million deaths annually, making it one of the deadliest human pathogens. It can enter non-replicating states, leading to latent infections, and undergo metabolic remodeling during chronic infections. MTB has a thick, waxy cell wall, slow growth rate, intrinsic drug resistance, and antibiotic tolerance. Different MTB lineages show genetic diversity affecting virulence, drug resistance, and host interactions. The pathogen can replicate inside macrophages and expresses diverse immunomodulatory molecules. Understanding MTB's characteristics, including its metabolic mechanisms, genome variations, and host-specific adaptations, is crucial for developing effective control strategies and vaccines against tuberculosis.

Doubling time of MOLM135 answersThe doubling time of MOLM13 cells is not explicitly mentioned in the provided contexts. However, the concept of doubling time is discussed in various contexts in relation to different types of tumors. For instance, studies on gastric smooth muscle tumors suggest that a doubling time of 16 months or less indicates malignancy. Additionally, research on melanoma tumors highlights the significance of tumor doubling time in determining the progression and metastasis of the disease. Furthermore, a study on gastrointestinal submucosal tumors emphasizes that higher-risk grades are associated with shorter doubling times, indicating the need for close monitoring of such tumors. While the specific doubling time of MOLM13 cells is not provided, understanding the implications of doubling time in tumor growth and malignancy can be crucial in assessing the behavior of different types of cancer cells.

What is the duration of treatment for tuberculosis?4 answersThe duration of treatment for tuberculosis (TB) varies depending on the type of TB and the patient's condition. The standard recommended treatment length for drug-sensitive TB is 6 months. However, there is evidence that shorter durations of treatment may be as effective and associated with fewer side effects and better adherence. For multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB, the treatment duration is typically longer, with the World Health Organization recommending a duration of 20 months. There is ongoing research to develop ultrashort regimens that can cure TB regardless of resistance status, with some regimens predicted to achieve relapse-free cure after 2-3 months of therapy. Personalization of treatment duration based on individual factors is also being explored. In some cases, such as latent TB or complex cases, the treatment duration may be longer or require referral to specialized centers. Overall, the goal is to optimize treatment duration to improve outcomes and reduce costs and adverse events.

What is the duration for TB treatment?3 answersThe duration for tuberculosis (TB) treatment varies depending on the type of TB and the presence of drug resistance. For drug-susceptible TB, the conventional duration of treatment is 6 months. However, there is evidence that shorter durations may be as effective and associated with fewer side effects and better adherence. For multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), the treatment duration can be 18-20 months. There are also ultrashort regimens being developed that aim to cure TB regardless of resistance status, with treatment durations of 2-3 months predicted for some regimens. Treatment guidelines recommend a 4-month regimen for a specific subset of TB patients, but most patients eligible for this shorter regimen still receive the standard 6-month course. Overall, the duration of TB treatment can range from 2-3 months for some regimens to 6-20 months depending on the type of TB and the presence of drug resistance.

Double strand break repair pathways in Mycobacterium4 answersDouble strand break repair pathways in Mycobacterium involve multiple mechanisms including homologous recombination (HR), nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), and single-strand annealing (SSA). Mycobacteria have a set of proteins involved in the HR pathway, including RecF, RecO, RecR, RecA, SSBa, RuvA, RuvB, and RuvC, which are essential for repair among different strains. NHEJ and SSA pathways are also present in mycobacteria, with NHEJ being particularly relevant to Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency. The absence of DprA in Deinococcus radiodurans leads to an increased reliance on the SSA pathway for DNA double-strand break repair. RecO plays a role in both HR and SSA pathways in mycobacteria, participating in RecA-dependent HR and RecA-independent SSA. These findings provide insights into the diverse mechanisms employed by mycobacteria for double-strand break repair and their potential relevance to pathogenesis and survival under extreme conditions.

How can we estimate the doubling/halving time of blazars?4 answersBlazars exhibit rapid flares with doubling time scales on the order of minutes. The effects of non-linear, time-dependent synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) cooling have been studied to explain this fast variability. The non-linear cooling introduces novel breaks in the spectral energy distribution (SED) and causes significant differences in the synchrotron light curves. To estimate the doubling/halving time of blazars, the inverse Compton light curves can be calculated, taking into account both the SSC and the external Compton process. Observational constraints such as different flux states, temporal shapes, or faster variability at different energies can help discriminate between non-linear and linear models. Additionally, a time-dependent synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) leptonic model has been developed to investigate the multiwavelength spectral variability of blazars and provide estimates for physical parameters and the bolometric power.

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