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It proposes that budgetary participation and job-relevant information are endogenous to budget emphasis.
The study results show that citizen participation in the budget process has greatest positive effect on organizational performance at both the early and ending stages of the budget process, namely, the stages of information sharing and program assessment.
The principal gains information over the budget setting process, so that a previous budget level provides important information for current budget setting.
Such a fiscal union, which would supposedly comprise stronger budgetary supervision as well as a modicum of revenue collection by the Union itself, is taken to mark the step towards “political” union.
In this context, information derived from household budget surveys, used in the development of the DAFNE databank, could be very important.
We also find that performance measures are used to inform budget decisions—especially when the budget request is new or significantly expanded.
This system supplies information which is useful for some decision-making purposes.
Output is easily measured in physical terms, and data on both union and non-union establishments permit estimation of the union effect controlling for differences in technology.
Our novel issue-driven approach can complement the traditional budget classification system used by government organizations by reflecting time-evolving public interests.
It also proves that the value chain of the information planning system has brought implications for budget realization.
This study is the first attempt to explore the effects of FMIS on publishing open budget data, identify potential improvements in budget transparency, and provide some guidance on the effective use of FMIS platforms to publish open budget data.
This integration makes it possible to provide justification for a specific budget request on the basis of standard cost accounting information.
However, given the typical relationship between the budget agency and the operating bureau, we argue that their ultimate function is to prevent the bureau from distorting or concealing cost and production information so as to increase its bargaining power, thereby permitting the budget office to insure that the preferences of the state are at least approximately met.
State bodies that form and execute the state budget are, initially, already subjects of the information law, but the above-mentioned activities for monitoring, collecting and providing information within the framework of the Civil budget concept lead them to a new qualitative level of rights and obligations within the framework of information relations, which is unquestionably a positive factor for the activities of these bodies.
It is proved that the traditional approach to usage of region's budget resources, which is applied in modern Russia, contradicts the general national course for development of the information economy, as it does not stimulate the formation of information society and development of information and technological spheres of the regional economy and does not allow for development of interaction and cooperation of all interests parties within the budget process, which confirms the offered hypothesis.
Research findings indicate the consistent, active integration of measures throughout the budget process is important in determining real budget and communication effects in local governments.

Related Questions

How to budget?5 answersBudgeting involves setting a financial plan for future expenses within a specified timeframe, demonstrating costs, and outlining how funds will be utilized. It is a crucial element in project management, aiding in accountability and effective resource allocation. Budgeting is part of a company's planning system, focusing on financial performance and responsibility centers. The process includes allocating revenues and expenses, reviewing financial performance, and forecasting based on fee adjustments and demand changes. Through budgeting, businesses can predict income, expenses, and net income, ensuring financial stability and informed decision-making. Ultimately, budgeting enhances financial control, aids in identifying poor-performing periods, and allows for adjustments to optimize financial outcomes.
What are advantages of budgeting in a learning institution.?4 answersBudgeting in a learning institution has several advantages. Firstly, it forces managers to think ahead and formalize their planning efforts, providing a blueprint for accomplishing objectives and setting goals for evaluating performance. Secondly, budgeting coordinates the activities of the entire institution by integrating the plans and objectives of different departments, ensuring consistency with the broader goals of the institution. Additionally, budgeting serves as a warning system for conditions requiring remedial action, helping to identify areas that need improvement. Lastly, budgeting allows for more rational use of funds and stimulates efficiency in resource allocation. These advantages contribute to effective financial management and the achievement of institutional goals in the education sector.
What are budget outputs?5 answersBudget outputs refer to the results or outcomes of budgetary decision-making processes in the context of public services and government budgeting. These outputs can be classified into different categories, such as program budgets, organizational classifications, and functional classifications. Program budgeting is based on the "output" classification of expenditure, but in reality, program budgets often combine elements of organizational and functional classifications. The use of output categories in budgeting has benefits for expenditure review and appraisal, but it is less suited for estimation of forward expenditure and control purposes. The goal of making the budget process more results-based has led to the incorporation of performance measurement information, particularly outcome data, in budget formulation and review. Overall, budget outputs are the tangible outcomes and classifications of budgetary decisions and resource allocations in the public sector.
Budgeting practices of employees?3 answersBudgeting practices of employees play a crucial role in the improvement of organizational performance. Employee participation in budgeting and effective budgetary control are essential tools for enhancing organizational performance. The study conducted in Nigeria found that employee participation in budgeting and the use of periodic budgetary control methods are recommended for medium and large-scale companies. The study conducted in Kenya focused on the compliance of budgeting practices in the Legislature and found that the Legislature has generally adhered to established norms on budgeting and adopted best practices. However, certain aspects of budgeting practices within the Legislature need to be reviewed, such as having a budget manual in place and involving critical stakeholders during budgeting. The abstracts do not provide specific information about the budgeting practices of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The paper by Hope and Fraser argues for the abolition of budgeting in corporations and highlights the use of alternative goals and measures, such as rolling forecasts, to adapt to market conditions. The abstract does not provide information about the budgeting practices of employees in large UK companies.
What is the Union?5 answersA union is an organized association of workers formed for the protection and promotion of their common interests. It is a concept applicable to both workers and employers in Turkish law. Unions are often seen as monopoly organizations that aim to improve the welfare of their members by raising wages above the competitive level. For a union to be able to increase wages, there must be a surplus that can be shared between the firm and the union, and the union must have bargaining power to induce the firm to share this surplus. Unions may also enhance efficiency by reducing labor turnover and negotiating costs, thereby increasing the available surplus to be shared between parties.
What are link budget?3 answersLink budget is a balance sheet of all gains and losses in a communication system. It involves the calculation of various parameters such as received power, path losses, noise power, signal to noise ratio, receiver figure of merit, and link margin. The purpose of calculating the link budget is to determine the system performance and ensure proper communication. Software tools are available in the market for designing link budgets, but they are often expensive and have limitations in terms of predefined data values that cannot be altered by the user. In addition to software tools, MATLAB is widely used for link budget calculations, as it provides a calculator to calculate the link budget system and the noise of the system. Link budget calculations are essential for optimizing propagation channels in wireless communication systems, especially in high-frequency links where directive antennas are used.

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What is the nature of the Challenges that students face from national?
5 answers
Students face a myriad of challenges on a national level, ranging from academic burdens to security risks. Challenges include overburdened syllabi, lack of infrastructure, and disparities between rural and urban education quality. Additionally, students encounter difficulties in reading comprehension, such as struggling with detail questions, implied meanings, vocabulary, and main ideas. Moreover, issues like sexual abuse, long distances to school, gender discrimination, poverty, bullying, and conflicts pose significant obstacles to students globally, including in countries like Afghanistan and India. Furthermore, the rise of neo-nationalism can negatively impact international students' experiences, particularly regional students in South Korea and South Africa. These challenges highlight the multifaceted nature of obstacles faced by students on a national scale.
Relationship between markets and institutions?
5 answers
The relationship between markets and institutions is crucial for economic progress and societal development. Institutions, defined as the rules and values governing society, play a vital role in shaping market dynamics by encouraging cooperation, protecting property rights, and upholding the rule of law. Effective institutions are essential for creating an environment that fosters wealth creation and social harmony, steering markets towards prosperity. The interplay between markets and institutions influences how resources are allocated, contracts are awarded, and enforcement activities are carried out. Understanding this relationship is key to addressing societal debates, enhancing market efficiency, and promoting sustainable development. By ensuring that institutions support market activities and vice versa, economies can thrive, benefiting both businesses and society as a whole.
Why is Key audit matters important?
5 answers
Key Audit Matters (KAMs) are crucial due to their direct link to financial statement categories, making ESG information quantifiable. They aid in enhancing audit quality by focusing on areas like related party transactions (RPTs), improving risk management and detection of factors affecting audit quality. The introduction of KAMs has led to a decrease in information asymmetry, positively impacting corporate value, while also affecting investors' expectations and decision-making processes. The informative value of KAMs varies based on the audit firm and the type of KAM disclosed, influencing stakeholders' decision-making and the quality of information received. However, KAMs may not always effectively signal corporate bankruptcy, highlighting the need for more instructive auditing standards to prevent financial failure.
Why poor perform bad in education?
4 answers
Poor performance in education among students can be attributed to various factors. Factors contributing to poor academic achievement include lack of family support, financial issues, motivation, learning facilities, interaction, equality, and teaching techniques. Poverty is a significant obstacle for some individuals to access education, leading to adverse effects on academic success. Poor school performance can stem from underlying issues such as medical problems, below-average intelligence, specific learning disabilities, emotional problems, and poor socio-cultural home environments. Disadvantaged schools often face challenges like inadequate resources, underprepared teachers, poor working conditions, and high turnover rates, impacting students' academic outcomes. Addressing these multifaceted issues through targeted interventions and support systems is crucial in improving educational outcomes for students facing challenges.
How does the concept of the "wisdom of crowds" apply to stock price prediction?
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The concept of the "wisdom of crowds" in stock price prediction involves combining independent forecasts from various individuals to improve accuracy. Research shows that using the median to aggregate experts' estimates yields better results than using the mean, with higher odds of beating all participants in forecasting contests. This method also outperforms standard forecasting algorithms like ARIMA, showcasing the effectiveness of crowd wisdom in predicting stock prices. However, challenges arise due to the time dependence of forecasts, where accuracy improves as the event resolution approaches, necessitating careful consideration of forecast timing and information aggregation methods. Despite the potential benefits, understanding the limits of aggregating information from diverse sources without specific assumptions is crucial in stock price prediction.
What are the limitations of using the "wisdom of crowds" approach for stock price prediction?
5 answers
The "wisdom of crowds" approach for stock price prediction faces limitations due to the challenges associated with time dependence, the need for a large group diversity of opinions, and the impact of social influence and individual conviction on collective accuracy. Time dependence poses issues for extracting crowd wisdom, especially when forecasts are made at different times. Additionally, while diversity of opinions is crucial, the collective error must remain small for accurate predictions, which can be affected by social influence and individual conviction dynamics. Furthermore, empirical data from the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia's Survey of Professional Forecasters database suggests that the crowd's advantage over individual forecasts is limited, with the crowd beating most individuals in less than 70% of forecasts.
Did drone strikes stop Pakistan from becoming a safe haven?
4 answers
Drone strikes in Pakistan, primarily conducted by the US, have had mixed effects on the country's status as a safe haven for militants. While some argue that drone strikes have disrupted and degraded terrorist organizations, reducing their ability to conduct attacks, others highlight the negative implications of these strikes. The securitization processes related to militancy in Pakistan were hindered by US drone strikes, turning the war on terror into an American-centric conflict and making it challenging for domestic audiences to accept security measures. Additionally, the strategy of tracing and targeting terrorists with drone attacks resulted in severe short and long-term implications for Pakistan, affecting the country significantly. Therefore, while drone strikes may have had some impact on reducing terrorist activities, they have not entirely eliminated Pakistan as a safe haven for militants.
How do all businesses influence a country's economy?
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All businesses, regardless of size, influence a country's economy through various means. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in economic development by impacting entrepreneurship dynamics and overall economic growth. Firms engage in economic influence activities (EIA) to gain political leverage, affecting local economies and influencing voters' perceptions of officeholders, thereby shaping policymaking. The influence of businesses on government policies is associated with larger firms, government ownership, and institutional quality, showcasing varying motivations for government intervention in the economy. Entrepreneurship, a key factor in economic activity, is influenced by internal and external factors, with different impacts on self-employed individuals and companies, highlighting the importance of understanding entrepreneurship-determining factors for business development. Small businesses significantly impact regional economies and social spheres by mobilizing resources, introducing innovations, creating jobs, and contributing to social development.
How can a supply chain be defined?
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A supply chain can be defined as a network of organizations collaborating to manage the flow of materials and information from suppliers to end consumers. It involves activities like planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivering goods efficiently and cost-effectively. Supply chain management extends beyond a firm's boundaries, encompassing tasks performed by external partners and involving logistical, informational, and financial flows across the chain. The evolution of supply chains has been influenced by factors like the bullwhip effect, which impacts dynamic performance and costs across sectors and countries. To optimize supply chains, it is crucial to focus on critical areas such as customers, suppliers, design, operations, logistics, and inventory, while also considering the future trends towards customization and individualized distribution.
When to EDM start?
5 answers
EDM, or Electrical Discharge Machining, typically starts when a breakthrough of the ceramic surface layer is detected during the drilling process, transitioning from ultrasonic drilling to EDM operations. Before commencing the EDM process, an apparatus and method can be utilized to detect misaligned electrodes by positioning a test component with a corresponding hole relative to the workpiece, ensuring proper alignment before drilling each hole. The history of EDM dates back to 1943 when Russian physicists Lazarenko first published a paper on the inversion of the wearing effect due to electrical discharge, marking the beginning of EDM as a significant industrial manufacturing process. Additionally, advancements in EDM technology have contributed to its evolution into a crucial method for manufacturing processes, showcasing continuous innovation and technical improvements over time.
When was the general electric earnings call?
4 answers
The General Electric earnings call typically occurs periodically, often quarterly, where CEOs provide statements influencing investors' expectations of the company's performance. These calls are crucial soft data sources used by decision-makers alongside traditional hard data like sales and earnings per share reports. Research has shown that the semantic features of earnings call transcripts are more predictive of stock price movements than traditional numerical data in many cases. While specific dates for General Electric's earnings calls are not provided in the abstracts, the significance of these calls in influencing market behavior and stock prices is evident from the studies analyzed.