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Thus, the endogenous bioactive peptide can be provided by ingestion of collagen hydrolysate.
A combination of both observed effects might help to explain the previously reported clinical improvements after collagen peptide supplementation.
Ultimately, this review can serve as a reference for the exploration and utilizing of collagen peptide.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1995-Structure
575 Citations
A detailed analysis of the hydration structure of the collagen-like peptide is presented.

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How does proline, hydroxyproline and glycine helps collagen production?
4 answers
Proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine are crucial for collagen production. Proline, primarily synthesized from glutamine, modulates collagen synthesis rates. Hydroxyproline, abundant in collagen, is formed post-translationally and contributes to collagen structure and physiological significance. Glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline collectively contribute to 57% of amino acids in collagen, essential for connective tissue strength. Proline availability significantly impacts collagen biosynthesis, with extracellular proline enhancing synthesis, especially in glutamine-deprived conditions. Additionally, hydroxyprolyl peptides like Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly stimulate fibroblast growth, crucial for collagen production and beneficial effects on skin and joints. Therefore, proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine play vital roles in collagen synthesis, structural integrity, and tissue health.
How does the connective tissue in oral mucosa contribute to the regeneration of epithelium?
4 answers
The connective tissue in oral mucosa plays a crucial role in the regeneration of epithelium by providing a supportive environment for epithelial growth and differentiation. Studies have shown that connective tissue grafts (CTGs) harvested from palatal areas contain putative progenitor cells, such as fibroblasts and pericytes, which contribute to tissue regeneration. Additionally, the regenerative potential of oral keratinocyte stem cells (OKSCs) from the oral mucosa has been highlighted, showcasing accelerated epithelial turnover and scarless wound healing. Furthermore, the use of C-xylopyranoside derivatives like XPP has been found to enhance epithelial regeneration by increasing epithelial thickness and stimulating the expression of markers crucial for tissue quality and regeneration. Overall, the connective tissue in oral mucosa provides a supportive microenvironment and contains progenitor cells that aid in epithelial regeneration processes.
What are the primary successes observed with the use of biomaterials in diabetic wound management?
4 answers
The primary successes observed with the use of biomaterials in diabetic wound management include enhanced wound closure, improved tissue regeneration, reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and infection rates, as well as promotion of angiogenesis. Biomaterials have been shown to possess unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to act as a local depot for bioactive molecules with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, contributing to efficient wound healing. Additionally, smart biomaterial scaffolds can respond to specific stimuli in the wound microenvironment, further accelerating diabetic wound closure and improving treatment outcomes. Studies have also highlighted the comparative effectiveness of different biomaterials, with placenta-based tissue products showing the highest wound healing probability in diabetic foot ulcers.
Does oral glutathione have any effects on skin?
4 answers
Oral glutathione has been studied for its potential effects on skin pigmentation. While some trials suggest that high oral doses may be needed for a therapeutic effect, there is a general consensus against using oral glutathione for hyperpigmentation treatment due to poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. However, a study on an oral combination of L-Cystine and L-Glutathione showed significant skin lightening effects and reduction in dark spots after 12 weeks of supplementation. On the other hand, a systematic review indicates that the clinical efficacy of oral glutathione for skin lightening is still inconclusive, with some evidence suggesting a brightening effect on sun-exposed areas. Overall, while there are conflicting findings, further research with better study designs is needed to evaluate the efficacy of oral glutathione on skin conditions.
What is the role of the digestive system in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients?
5 answers
The digestive system plays a crucial role in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. It starts with the oral phase, where food is broken down into small particles, followed by storage in the stomach and controlled release into the small intestine for digestion and absorption. Various digestive enzymes from the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, and intestine act on different components of food like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates to break them down into simpler forms for absorption. The absorption process involves mechanisms like Na+, K+-ATPase–dependent transport for monosaccharides, direct absorption of lipids, and hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides for absorption. The gut microbiome also plays a role in fermenting undigested food in the large intestine to extract additional nutrients.
What role do enzymes play in the breakdown of extracellular matrix components during wound healing in diabetic patients?
4 answers
Enzymes, particularly Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), play a crucial role in the breakdown of extracellular matrix components during wound healing in diabetic patients. MMPs are involved in degrading the extracellular matrix during the inflammatory phase, promoting angiogenesis and cell migration in the proliferation phase, and aiding in tissue remodeling during the remodeling phase. In diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), overexpression of MMPs can lead to excessive tissue degradation and impaired wound healing, emphasizing the importance of regulating MMP levels to promote healing in DFUs. Imbalance in MMPs, seen in diabetic patients, can exacerbate chronic wounds, leading to complications like chronic foot ulcers and amputations. Strategies targeting MMPs, such as using natural or synthetic MMP inhibitors, are being explored to enhance wound healing in diabetic patients.
What is the role of enzyme-based biomaterials in diabetic wound healing?
4 answers
Enzyme-based biomaterials play a crucial role in diabetic wound healing by addressing the challenges associated with impaired wound healing and bacterial infections in diabetic patients. These biomaterials, such as nanozyme-based microneedles, enzyme cascade inverse opal microparticles, and panthenol citrate (PC) hydrogel dressings, exhibit properties like antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic effects. They enhance tissue penetration, promote biofilm elimination, prevent reinfection, and improve wound healing outcomes. Additionally, enzyme-based biomaterials can provide real-time monitoring of wound pH and healing progress, offering a comprehensive approach to diabetic wound management. Overall, these innovative biomaterials show promising potential in improving the quality of healed skin, promoting tissue regeneration, and enhancing the overall wound care for diabetic patients.
What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of using different macrotopographies for wound healing?
5 answers
Different macrotopographies offer various benefits and drawbacks for wound healing. Nano-patterned surfaces can manipulate cell behavior and enhance wound recovery performance. Nanoporous membranes influence keratinocyte phenotype, promoting faster wound closure and improved scar outcomes. Feature-size-dependent cell-nanoarchitecture interactions on ridge/groove structures regulate cell elongation, migration speed, and fibronectin fiber organization, impacting tissue repair during wound healing. Utilizing a porous macroscopically undirectionally oriented cell adhesion protein can promote and direct wound healing. However, challenges exist in clinical wound healing research due to the complexity of patients' conditions and the visibility of interventions, making experimental design and blinding difficult. Overall, leveraging different macrotopographies can significantly influence cell behavior, wound closure rates, and scar outcomes, but careful consideration of design and patient factors is essential.
What is the role of the omasum in digestion?
4 answers
The omasum, the third compartment of the ruminant stomach, plays a crucial role in digestion by facilitating fluid reabsorption, aiding in the absorption of volatile fatty acids, minerals, electrolytes, and fluids, and influencing the passage of digesta from the rumen. The size and structure of the omasum, particularly the surface area of omasal laminae, vary among species based on their diets and physiological needs. Species with diets rich in grass or high forestomach fluid throughput tend to have larger omasa, indicating a higher need for water reabsorption and efficient digestion. The omasum's adaptability is highlighted by anatomical differences observed in animals fed different diets, showcasing its plasticity in response to dietary changes. Additionally, the omasum influences nutrient flow, microbial protein synthesis, and overall digestive efficiency in ruminants.
What part of the hyacinth bean has benefits to wound healing?
5 answers
The ethyl acetate fraction of Dodonaea viscosa leaves and the extract of Dolichos lablab seeds have shown significant benefits for wound healing. Dodonaea viscosa, rich in flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol, accelerates wound closure, increases hydroxyproline levels, and enhances tensile strength. On the other hand, Dolichos lablab extract hydrogel promotes wound closure, tissue regeneration, and boosts antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity. These findings highlight the wound-healing properties of Dodonaea viscosa leaves and Dolichos lablab seeds, emphasizing their potential in enhancing the healing process of dermal wounds.
What are the benefits of the LEAVES in Hyacinth Bean in wound healing?
5 answers
The leaves of Hyacinth Bean (Dolichos lablab) and other plants like Bersama abyssinica, Hibiscus micranthus, and Artocarpus heterophyllus have shown significant wound healing benefits. Studies have demonstrated that these plant extracts possess potent wound healing properties. The leaves of Hyacinth Bean, in particular, have been found to enhance wound closure, tissue regeneration, collagen levels, antioxidant potential, and anti-inflammatory activity, promoting effective healing of full-thickness wounds in animal models. Additionally, the leaves of Hibiscus micranthus and Artocarpus heterophyllus have exhibited antibacterial activity against various strains and accelerated wound contraction rates, highlighting their potential in wound management. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of plant leaves in promoting wound healing processes.