scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 7 papers

More filters
Papers (7)Insight
These microimmunodiffusion tests appear to be specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
We present a sensitive and specific assay for reliable and flexible detection of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in clinical samples.
This test proved to be a useful tool to help rule out the diagnosis of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and could therefore prevent unnecessary or inappropriate therapy.
The described methods can be used to demonstrate and quantify certain species of Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosis, in clinical or environmental samples.
The reported technology could be useful in the diagnostic investigation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other human pathogens in clinical specimens.
The results showed that replacing smear microscopy with the Xpert MTB/RIF assay facilitates laboratory handling and improves the sensitivity and specificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection.
In order to carry out the right treatment and epidemiologic evaluation, it is important to identify non-tuberculosis mycobacterium by culture methods.

Related Questions

Which biomarkers are most useful for the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis?5 answersThe biomarkers AIM2 and FCGR1A have shown promise for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. An optical biosensor chip using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) has been developed to detect biomolecular interactions between mycolic acid TB antigen and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody. Another study has proposed an electrochemical biosensor based on a ternary nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide, polydopamine, and gold nanoparticles (rGO-PDA-AuNP) for MTB detection. Additionally, a combined quantitative tuberculosis biomarker model using colony forming unit (CFU) and time-to-positivity (TTP) biomarkers has been developed to assess drug efficacy in early bactericidal activity studies. Furthermore, the expression of certain genes, such as icl1, has shown potential for monitoring differentially detectable M. tuberculosis populations in patient sputum.
What new diagnostic tools can be developed to improve the detection of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?4 answersNew diagnostic tools can be developed to improve the detection of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One approach is the use of multiplexed, targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS) assays that can predict drug resistance (DR) directly from clinical respiratory specimens. Another potential tool is metabolomics, which can identify metabolite markers to detect pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). Additionally, reference graphs can be used to represent genetic variation within a bacterial population, allowing for the prediction of drug resistance in bacteria like M. tuberculosis. These tools offer the potential for faster and more accurate detection of drug-resistant strains, enabling timely and appropriate treatment for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis.
What are stain types and characteristics?5 answersStains used in cytological and histological analysis can be categorized into different types based on their characteristics. Some stains are nonspecific and can detect a spectrum of organisms, while others are specific for a particular organism. Nonspecific stains like the Papanicolaou stain and silver impregnation methods can detect a wide range of organisms, while acid-fast techniques can detect only a limited group of organisms. Special stains are essential in routine laboratory works and can be used to demonstrate various cellular products for diagnosis, identify microbial organisms, and estimate DNA and RNA content of cells. Stains can also be used to contrast the nuclear portion of cells from the cytoplasmic portion, and systems and methods for illuminating cytological samples can be employed. Additionally, stains can be used in wood finishing, with water stains, oil stains, and spirit stains being the three main types used for staining wood.
How does methylene blue stain bacteria?5 answersMethylene blue stains bacteria by using a primary stain that does not require heating and a decolorizing counter-stain that does not require a separate acid or alcohol decolorization step. The primary stain includes basic fuchsin, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, phenol, and water, while the counter-stain includes methylene blue, ethyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, glycerol, glacial acetic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and water. Another method of staining bacteria involves a mixture of methylene blue and eosin Y, which gives a deep staining of bacteria at pH 3 and above. This mixture can be successfully used at a pH-value as low as 0.8 and is sensitive enough to detect differences in the isoelectric points of bacteria. Methylene blue has also been found to impair the repair activity of the polymerase 1 enzyme in Escherichia coli cells, sensitizing these bacteria to the lethal effects of ionizing radiation.
Which bacteria is used for tuberculosis?11 answers
Which staining technique is used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and leprosy?3 answers

See what other people are reading

What is Fragile Health System in Conflict Zone?
4 answers
A fragile health system in a conflict zone refers to a healthcare infrastructure that is severely compromised due to ongoing conflict, leading to challenges in providing essential services and responding to health needs effectively. In conflict-affected regions like Syria, Yemen, Somalia, and South Sudan, health systems face fragmentation, economic losses due to diseases like tuberculosis are exacerbated, and resilience of health systems is tested. These regions experience lower health and development outcomes, hindering progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. The impact of conflict on healthcare workers, facilities, and medical education further complicates the situation, necessitating innovative approaches like the 'hybrid kinetic model' for health professional training in non-government controlled areas. Addressing these challenges requires coordinated efforts to strengthen surveillance, enhance security, and build consensus among stakeholders to mitigate the economic losses and improve healthcare delivery in fragile health systems of conflict zones.
Which tuberculosis vaccines failed in clinical trials?
5 answers
The quest for an effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine has seen both progress and setbacks, with some candidates failing to meet efficacy expectations in clinical trials. Among these, the MVA85A vaccine, one of the most advanced candidates and the first new TB vaccine candidate to be tested in nearly a century, demonstrated disappointing results. Specifically, a clinical trial revealed that MVA85A had an efficacy rate of less than 20% in protecting children against TB, which was a significant setback given the high hopes pinned on its potential based on earlier trials that showed a good immune response in adults. This outcome was further underscored by another study which reported that MVA85A showed no improved efficacy over the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in preventing TB disease or infection in infants, marking a pivotal moment for TB vaccine development and compelling a re-examination of the immunological approaches underpinning most new TB vaccine efforts. These failures highlight the challenges in developing a vaccine that can effectively prevent TB across different age groups and underscore the complexity of TB immunology. Despite these setbacks, the pursuit of an effective TB vaccine continues, with several candidates in various stages of clinical trials aiming to overcome the limitations of BCG, which, while effective in protecting children against severe forms of TB, has variable efficacy in adults and does not prevent pulmonary TB. The mixed results from these trials emphasize the need for continued research and innovation in TB vaccine development, including exploring novel strategies and understanding protective immunity against TB.
How do respiratory infections affect the global health system and economies?
5 answers
Respiratory infections, whether acute or chronic, pose a significant burden on global health systems and economies. These infections, caused by various pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, are prevalent in both adults and children. Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) alone contribute to substantial mortality, morbidity, and economic burden worldwide. The burden of LRIs has decreased over time, but they still result in millions of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) annually, with factors like child wasting and household air pollution playing significant roles. Preventative programs focusing on reducing exposure to risk factors are crucial, especially in less developed countries, to alleviate the impact of respiratory infections on global health and economies. Efforts to enhance prevention, control, and treatment strategies for respiratory diseases like COPD, tuberculosis, and pneumonia are essential for improving global health outcomes.
What are the number of covid-19 patients in each age groups in the Philippines?
5 answers
As per the data collected from various studies in the Philippines, the number of COVID-19 patients in different age groups varies. The median age of pediatric COVID-19 cases was 5 years, with children across all age groups being susceptible to the virus. In another study involving patients aged 0 to 18 years, the median age was 10 years, with the majority being adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. Additionally, a study focusing on adult hospitalized patients reported a median age of 52 years. These findings highlight the impact of COVID-19 across different age brackets in the Philippines, emphasizing the importance of tailored interventions and vaccination strategies for various age groups to effectively combat the disease.
What are the genes related to pharmaogenetics in tuberuclosis treatment?
5 answers
Genes related to pharmacogenetics in tuberculosis treatment include NAT2, CYP2E1, CYP2C9, GST, UGT, interleukins, interferon-γ, SLC11A1, and AADAC. These genes play a crucial role in drug metabolism, influencing the efficacy and safety of anti-tuberculosis medications like isoniazid and rifampicin. Variations in these genes can lead to variations in drug concentration, treatment outcomes, susceptibility to tuberculosis, and the risk of adverse reactions such as hepatotoxicity. Studies highlight the importance of identifying genetic polymorphisms to personalize tuberculosis treatment, optimize drug dosing, and minimize adverse effects, ultimately enhancing patient care and treatment outcomes. Pharmacogenomic research aims to revolutionize tuberculosis treatment by tailoring therapies based on individual genetic profiles, potentially improving treatment efficacy and safety.
What is the possible analysis of phylogenetic of drtb strains?
4 answers
The analysis of phylogenetics of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) strains involves utilizing whole genome sequencing (WGS) data to understand genetic diversity, transmission dynamics, and drug resistance mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains. This analysis includes identifying lineage-specific genetic variations through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and deletions, which can impact virulence, transmissibility, and host response. By characterizing specific genetic markers like SNPs, deletions, and resistance genes, it becomes possible to track and classify MTBC strains into sub-lineages, aiding in rapid diagnosis, surveillance, and infection control. Overall, this comprehensive genomic analysis provides insights into the evolutionary relationships, phenotypic diversity, and potential virulence markers within DR-TB strains.
What is Rationale for the study meaning?
5 answers
The rationale for a study refers to the underlying reasons or justification for conducting the research, outlining its purpose and significance. In the context of software development, rationale extracted from chat messages is crucial for documenting decisions, considering alternatives, and facilitating software evolution and maintenance. This rationale, found in chat messages, provides valuable insights into the discussions, considerations, and argumentation that lead to development decisions, aiding in knowledge reuse and coping with changes in the software system. Despite the challenges posed by the volume and unstructured nature of chat messages, machine learning techniques show promise in extracting and identifying different elements of rationale from these messages, highlighting their importance in software development processes.
What is the difference between XDR and SIEM?
5 answers
XDR (External Data Representation Standard) is a protocol used for data representation and communication, as described in Context_1and Context_2. On the other hand, SIEM (Security Information Event Management) is a cybersecurity system used to detect and respond to security threats in real-time, as discussed in Context_3. XDR focuses on data representation standards, while SIEM is dedicated to enhancing cybersecurity measures by monitoring and analyzing security events. XDR pertains to data communication standards, whereas SIEM is specifically designed for threat detection and response in information systems. In essence, XDR deals with data representation, while SIEM is focused on cybersecurity threat management and prevention.
Is sertraline useful to start to better engage in therapy?
4 answers
Sertraline, an antidepressant, has shown promising effects in various contexts. It has been found to improve depressive symptoms and enhance adaptive capacity in patients with moderate depressive episodes. Additionally, sertraline has demonstrated potential in improving despair-like behaviors induced by ovariectomy, by suppressing the upregulation of XBP1 expression levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Moreover, sertraline has exhibited anticancer effects by decreasing cell viability, inducing apoptosis, and targeting important cellular pathways involved in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, in the context of tuberculosis treatment, sertraline has been shown to enhance the bactericidal activities of standard TB drugs, leading to quicker pathogen clearance and improved protection in acute TB infection. Overall, these findings suggest that sertraline may indeed be a valuable compound to consider for better engagement in therapy across various conditions.
What kind of syringe filter is suitable for DNA?
4 answers
Selecting a suitable syringe filter for DNA applications involves considering factors such as efficiency, yield, cost, and the specific requirements of the DNA handling process. The syringe-driven filter described by Jianhua Yuan and Ye Yuan offers a simple, low-cost solution with a good filtering effect, making it highly applicable for laboratory use, especially for small-sized samples and prefiltration tasks in bacterial filtration of biofluids, culture media, and medium additives. This aligns with the need for rapid, efficient, and economic DNA purification as highlighted by Yun Cheol Kim and Sherie L. Morrison, who emphasize the importance of yield, purity, speed, and cost in plasmid purification. For experiments requiring high filtering speed to promote the process, the DNA filtering device introduced by Huang Jie, which features an EP filtering pipe and a pressurizing piece for effective shortening of filtering waiting times, could be particularly suitable. Similarly, the microfluidic syringe filter head discussed by Xiang Nan and Ni Zhonghua, which concentrates and enriches micro-particles or cells using microfluidic technology, offers a novel approach for handling DNA samples, especially in field and low-hardware configuration laboratory environments. In scenarios where minimizing loss of eluting buffer and enhancing plasmid DNA yield are critical, the plasmid DNA filter tube kits presented by Park Yong Won and Lee Jin Sung provide a solution by maximizing recovery of eluting buffer. Additionally, for applications requiring the removal of insoluble particles from DNA solutions, the filter type syringe described by Hongli Lei, which filters out insoluble particles during the injection process, could be advantageous. Considering the diverse requirements of DNA handling, from purification to sample preparation and injection, the choice of syringe filter should be tailored to the specific needs of the experiment, balancing factors like speed, cost, and the nature of the DNA solution being processed. Each of the described devices offers unique advantages that could make them suitable for different aspects of DNA handling, from laboratory-based purification to field applications and medical implementations.
How fast do bacteria multiply every hour?
4 answers
Bacteria can multiply at varying rates depending on factors like temperature and species. Studies have shown that bacterial growth rates can range widely. For instance, fast-growing bacteria like Escherichia coli can have a generation time as short as 20 minutes. Different species exhibit different growth rates, with doubling times ranging from hours to days at various temperatures. Experimental models have been developed to measure bacterial growth rates at different temperatures, allowing for the calculation of growth rate constants and lowest growth temperatures. The power-time curves of bacterial growth have been analyzed, providing insights into the exponential growth phase and the overall multiplication dynamics of bacteria.