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Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
David A. Brian, D. E. Dennis, James S. Guy 
53 Citations
This coronavirus can therefore be characterized as a positive-strand RNA virus.
These findings suggest that coronavirus RNA synthesis is carried out on a ribonucleoprotein via a mechanism that involves both viral and cellular proteins associated with viral RNA, similar to DNA-dependent RNA transcription.
Biochemical studies on human coronavirus, strain 229E, indicate that the RNA is present in the virion in association with protein as a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex.
The data obtained in this study reveal a remarkable degree of structural and functional conservation of 5′-terminal RNA structural elements across coronavirus genus boundaries.
Our study indicated that if subgenomic mRNAs were exclusively synthesized from negative-strand genomic RNA, then the relative molar ratios of coronavirus mRNAs were most likely determined after synthesis of the genomic-sized template RNA.
Coronavirus have the largest RNA genomes (∼26–32 kilobases) and their expansion was likely enabled by acquiring enzyme functions that counter the commonly high error frequency of viral RNA polymerases.
Our results demonstrate that coronavirus N protein could function as a VSR through its double-stranded RNA binding activity.
The data suggest that coronavirus replication involves an RNA superstructure at the 5′ end of the genome or one comprising both ends of the genomic RNA.
We find that highly stable RNA structures are pervasive throughout coronavirus genomes, and are conserved between the SARS-like CoV.
If negative-strand subgenomic RNAs were templates for subgenomic mRNAs, then the relative molar ratios of coronavirus mRNAs probably were determined after synthesis of the genomic-sized template RNA used for subgenomic-sized RNA transcription but prior to the completion of the synthesis of subgenomic-sized RNAs containing the leader sequence.

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