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What year was the scanning tunneling microscope invented? 

Electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope
Scanning tunneling microscope
Scanning probe microscopy
Spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy

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Journal Article•DOI
Technique for shaping scanning tunneling microscope tips
P. J. Bryant, H. S. Kim, Y. C. Zheng, R. Yang 
01 Jun 1987-Review of Scientific Instruments
88 Citations
The new technique produces sharper, smaller tips with low‐aspect ratio shanks to fulfill the specific needs of scanning tunneling microscopy.
Journal Article•DOI
Simple, variable‐temperature, scanning tunneling microscope
Michael Dubson, Jeeseong Hwang 
01 Jul 1992-Review of Scientific Instruments
14 Citations
We describe a simple scanning tunneling microscope (STM) which works well from room temperature to 4 K. It is relatively easy to build, repair, or modify, and works very reliably.
Journal Article•DOI
A tunable microwave frequency alternating current scanning tunneling microscope
S. J. Stranick, Paul S. Weiss 
01 Apr 1994-Review of Scientific Instruments
44 Citations
This provides us with a stable microwave‐frequency‐compatible scanning tunneling microscope.
Journal Article•DOI
Probes for scanning tunneling optical microscopy: a theoretical comparison
D. Van Labeke, Dominique Barchiesi 
01 Oct 1993-Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision
134 Citations
The images are quite different, and polarization of the incident light is an important parameter for scanning tunneling optical microscope images, with different behavior for the two tips.
Journal Article•DOI
An X-Y scan generator for a scanning tunneling microscope
J. Valenzuela‐Benavides
01 Aug 1994-Review of Scientific Instruments
5 Citations
The generator is well suited as a scan generator for any lab‐built tunneling microscope.
Journal Article•DOI
Vertical inertial piezoelectric translation device for a scanning tunneling microscope
Nicolás Agraït
01 Jan 1992-Review of Scientific Instruments
26 Citations
This makes possible the construction of a compact high‐stability thermally compensated low temperature scanning tunneling microscope, specially suited to designs that allow for a very short tip and sample change time.
Journal Article•DOI
A tunable microwave frequency alternating current scanning tunneling microscope
S. J. Stranick, Paul S. Weiss 
01 Apr 1994-Review of Scientific Instruments
44 Citations
This alternating current scanning tunneling microscope design is compatible with ultrahigh vacuum and low‐temperature operation.
Journal Article•DOI
Scanning tunneling microscopy of processes at liquid-solid interfaces
Barney Drake, Richard Sonnenfeld, J. Schneir, Paul K. Hansma 
01 Mar 1987-Surface Science
56 Citations
Together these images suggest a bright future for in situ investigations of processes with scanning tunneling microscopy.
Journal Article•DOI
Use of scanning tunneling microscopy in metallography
Jia-Jun Wang, Hong-Sheng Fang, Zhi-gang Yang, Yan-Kang Zheng, Jun-jue Yan, Hong-bing Yu 
01 Sep 1994-Materials Characterization
13 Citations
The results demonstrate that scanning tunneling microscopy, which is used mainly in studying special materials, such as pure gold, single crystal silicon, etc., is another powerful metallographic tool.

Related Questions

What is scanning electron microscopy?4 answersScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful imaging technique used to analyze the microstructure of samples with high resolution and focusing depth. It involves accelerating electrons with high voltage and focusing them onto the sample, where electrons and material atoms interact. The resulting signals, including electrons and X-rays, are collected by detectors and converted into digital signals for display on a computer screen. SEM also allows for microchemical analysis using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) feature. SEM has significantly higher resolution and focusing depth compared to optical microscopes. It is integrated with an energy-dispersive spectrometer for elemental analysis at the specimen surface. SEM imaging has been improved with the introduction of backscattered electrons and secondary electrons. Different components such as electron guns, magnetic lenses, and vacuum systems contribute to the unique imaging capabilities of SEM.
When was microscopy invented?4 answersMicroscopy was invented in the late 16th century, with the first compound microscope appearing in the Netherlands in the late 1590s. The original inventor of the microscope is not easy to identify, but evidence points to it being an invention of eye glassmakers in the Netherlands, possibly Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen. The name "microscope" was coined by Giovanni Faber in 1625 for Galileo Galilei's compound microscope. Since then, microscopy has evolved significantly, with major inventions such as contrast, electron, and scanning tunneling microscopes arriving in the 20th century. These advancements have provided first-time views and information about biological structures and activity, opening up new avenues for disease therapies.
How much can a scanning electron microscope magnify?14 answers
When was the first scanning tunneling microscope invented?10 answers
Who built the first transmission electron microscope?5 answers
Who invented scanning electron microscope?7 answers

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