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This paper shows that dividend changes reveal new information about future earnings levels and are mixed with regard to future earnings variance.
Despite this, we find that the market response at the time earnings are announced still depends on whether the announcement is early, on time, or late relative to the firm’s own expected report date.
This paper presents evidence that stock return prediction errors are less positively skewed in the time period surrounding accounting earnings report announcements than in a subsequent non- announcement period.
Third, we find that companies report their earnings and 10-Ks earlier when there is a higher demand for such information, and document a negative relationship between the degree of underreaction and the timeliness of such information release.
In the short run, the stock market reacts positively to these firms’ earnings announcements, suggesting that investors fail to recognize that earnings benchmarks are achieved through ERR manipulation.
We find that a CEO or CFO who sells their shares during the two weeks after the earnings announcement date is more likely to disclose non-GAAP earnings.
This study provides direct evidence relating discontinuities to earnings management by comparing the distribution of restated earnings to originally-reported earnings among firms that settle accounting-related securities litigation and restate earnings from the alleged GAAP violation period.
Opaque presentation of non-GAAP earnings is associated with earnings mispricing, particularly among unsophisticated investor groups.
We also find that the future earnings response coefficient of earnings reported under Chinese GAAP continues to increase, indicating that the timeliness of recognition of earnings reported under Chinese GAAP worsened after a series of harmonization and convergence with IFRS in China.
In addition, the authors find evidence that Chinese listed firms with relatively high level of earnings management and low earnings exhibit relatively weak future stock performance.,The findings are the first to document an earnings management benchmark hierarchy with respect to the extent of income increasing discretionary accruals, while simultaneously establishing a link between earnings management and firm future stock performance, for Chinese listed companies.
Our study documents a systematic timing pattern of annual report disclosures, which is useful for investors to predict future earnings, especially in anticipating bad news in China's emerging market where information about future earnings is very limited.
Moreover, it would appear that stock market investors see through earnings management and re-adjust the relationship between reported earnings and firm valuation in the year earnings are subject to external investigations by the tribunal.
Using novel earnings calendar data, we show that firms’ advanced scheduling of earnings announcement dates foreshadows their earnings news.
There is much evidence (e. g., in Beaver [1968] and May [1971]) which documents that the variability of stock returns at the time of announcements of firms' annual and interim earnings differs from that in nonannouncement periods, indicating that more information arrives at the market during periods when earnings reports are released than at other times, on average.

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What are the statistics on civil service workload?
5 answers
The workload in civil service is a significant concern, with studies showing that job strain affects civil servants' job burnout, mental fatigue, and chronic diseases. Research indicates that workload intensification, reduced staffing, and new working practices contribute to increased working hours and stress levels among civil servants. Additionally, a study on the Population and Civil Registry Office of Madiun City revealed varying workload levels across different sections, with some areas needing additional employees due to overload while others are understaffed. The annual Civil Service statistics also provide insights into characteristics such as gross annual earnings, gender, ethnicity, and disability status, offering a comprehensive view of the workforce's workload distribution.
What is the relation of industrial robots and female employment?
5 answers
Industrial robots have varying impacts on female employment and the gender pay gap. Research shows that robot adoption in manufacturing establishments can lead to increased churning among female workers, with hiring rising significantly at adoption but separations also increasing, albeit with a smaller magnitude a year later. Additionally, the adoption of robots has been found to increase both male and female earnings but also widen the gender pay gap, especially in countries with high gender inequality levels. Moreover, the effects of automation technologies like industrial robots and computing equipment on the gender wage gap differ, with robots decreasing the male wage more than the female wage, while an increase in computers reduces the female wage more than the male wage.
What forecasting techniques are commonly employed in hospitality operations to gain a competitive advantage?
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In hospitality operations, various forecasting techniques are utilized to gain a competitive edge. These include Seasonal ARIMA Models for predicting room sales, fee-oriented strategies coupled with ownership structure analysis to enhance analyst forecast accuracy, and models inspired by cubic smoothing splines to forecast demand curves per rate class over time. Additionally, the use of long short-term memory (LSTM) models based on recurrent neural networks has shown improved forecasting accuracy in predicting hotel reservations. By leveraging these techniques, hospitality businesses can optimize revenue management strategies, allocate resources efficiently, plan marketing activities, and make informed decisions to stay ahead in the competitive industry landscape.
How asset revaluation impact asset management?
9 answers
Asset revaluation significantly impacts asset management across various dimensions, influencing financial reporting, investor confidence, and strategic decision-making. The revaluation of assets, particularly in the public sector, has been shown to result in an appreciation of fixed assets, notably land, thereby affecting the value of fixed assets on government balance sheets and encouraging improvements in asset administration and management. This process necessitates ongoing supervision and control to optimize asset function and enhance state revenues. Similarly, in the corporate sector, asset revaluation decisions are influenced by factors such as firm size and macro-economic policy environment, with significant effects on firm performance. The practice also has implications for the transparency and timeliness of financial reporting, as it can decrease stock price crash risk by improving the relevance of disclosed information, although this benefit varies with the firm's financial health and information asymmetry. Moreover, asset revaluation is associated with higher discretionary accruals, indicating potential earnings management and reflecting higher agency problems. This suggests that revaluation decisions might be driven by managerial incentives to present a more favorable financial position. This perspective is supported by findings that companies often revalue assets to enhance investor confidence and sustain company viability, particularly in entrepreneurial ventures. However, the quality of the revaluation process and the expertise of valuation professionals are critical to ensuring reliable outcomes and avoiding distorted financial representations. The motivation behind asset revaluation can also stem from strategic financial management, such as influencing net asset value and debt-to-equity ratios to manage political costs and debt covenants. In emerging markets like Pakistan, management incentives for asset revaluation include reducing contracting and political costs, although the effectiveness of these strategies varies. Finally, the decision to revalue assets can be influenced by fiscal policies, with companies often aiming to minimize tax liabilities, thereby affecting financial ratios and stakeholders' perception of the company's financial health. Overall, asset revaluation plays a crucial role in asset management by impacting financial metrics, regulatory compliance, and strategic financial planning.
Does inequality causes union memebrship decline?
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Inequality indeed plays a significant role in the decline of union membership. Research indicates that as earnings inequality rises, union density tends to decrease. The decline in unionization is associated with changes in the income distribution, where average union members have become relatively better off, potentially leading to reduced support for wage solidarity and redistributive policies. Moreover, cultural attitudes deeply rooted in historical processes like colonization have influenced the decline in union membership density and the rise in inequality in the United States, highlighting the impact of cultural values on these trends. Overall, the relationship between inequality and union membership decline is complex, involving economic, cultural, and political factors.
What is the relationship between Board attribute and dividend policy of listed insurance companies in Nigeria?
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The relationship between board attributes and dividend policy of listed insurance companies in Nigeria is significant. Studies show that board dynamism, gender diversity, board qualification, and nationality positively influence dividend payout. Additionally, board size, board independence, and women directorship affect firm value, while board meetings and women directorship significantly impact earnings quality. Furthermore, the effectiveness of dividend policy on firm performance is enhanced by corporate governance mechanisms, such as the dividend payout ratio, which is critical in determining a firm's performance in the short and long run. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of board composition and governance practices in shaping dividend policies and ultimately influencing the financial performance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria.
What are the potential benefits and challenges of leveraging the demographic dividend to improve environmental quality in Africa?
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Leveraging the demographic dividend in Africa presents both benefits and challenges for improving environmental quality. Harnessing the demographic dividend through investments in family planning, gender parity, digitalization, industrialization, and job creation can lead to inclusive development. However, Africa faces the twin challenges of unsustainable population growth and the climate crisis, with the continent disproportionately impacted by climate change. While population ageing in late-demographic dividend countries has shown a potential decrease in carbon dioxide emissions in the long run, African nations like Nigeria and Tanzania need to strengthen policies across key sectors like family planning, maternal and child health, education, women's empowerment, and the labor market to maximize the demographic dividend and enhance socio-economic growth. By addressing these challenges and capitalizing on the demographic dividend, Africa can strive towards sustainable development and a better environmental quality.
Is the accounting background of executives related with the liquidity of the firm?
4 answers
The accounting background of executives does have implications for firm liquidity. Research shows that CEOs with accounting backgrounds exhibit lower levels of accounting conservatism, which can impact financial reporting policies. Additionally, executives' centrality in networks affects stock liquidity costs, with more central executives linked to improved liquidity and narrower spreads. Furthermore, the quality of accounting information and executives' backgrounds influence credit availability for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with better accounting information or financial/political executive backgrounds enhancing short-term credit availability. Therefore, the accounting background of executives can indeed be related to the liquidity of the firm, influencing financial reporting decisions, stock liquidity costs, and credit availability.
How price to earnings ratio relate to the stock return?
5 answers
The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is a crucial metric in understanding stock returns. Research indicates that high P/E ratios have historically been followed by disappointing stock market performance in both the short and long term. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between stock returns and firm size, and an inverse relationship between stock returns and the P/E ratio. Some studies suggest that securities with low P/E ratios tend to outperform those with high P/E ratios, potentially indicating a bias in security prices. However, it has been found that excess rates of return were not necessarily obtained from investing in low P/E stocks. Overall, the P/E ratio plays a significant role in predicting and understanding stock returns, but its relationship with actual returns can vary based on different factors and time periods.
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Does a background in accounting of executives influence solvency?
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CEOs with accounting backgrounds have a significant impact on various aspects of a firm's financial performance. Research suggests that CEOs with accounting backgrounds tend to engage in earnings management activities, potentially influencing solvency. Additionally, CEOs with financial expertise are found to positively affect a firm's stock price crash risk, with a mediating role of earnings management in this relationship. Furthermore, the quality of accounting information and executives' financial backgrounds play crucial roles in improving short-term credit availability for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Overall, the educational backgrounds of executives, particularly in accounting, can influence a firm's financial reporting policies, accounting conservatism levels, and ultimately impact solvency through various financial management practices and decision-making processes.