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However, based on disclosure signalling theory, it is found that increasing levels of forward-looking information in annual report narratives is an important mechanism for signalling future earnings for these firms.
This study documents that interim period earnings performance is relatively favorable to year-end earnings performance.
There is much evidence (e. g., in Beaver [1968] and May [1971]) which documents that the variability of stock returns at the time of announcements of firms' annual and interim earnings differs from that in nonannouncement periods, indicating that more information arrives at the market during periods when earnings reports are released than at other times, on average.
Our study documents a systematic timing pattern of annual report disclosures, which is useful for investors to predict future earnings, especially in anticipating bad news in China's emerging market where information about future earnings is very limited.
This study documents that the market places more reliance on earnings announcements with a completed audit than on earnings announcements with an incomplete audit.
This paper therefore fills this gap in the literature by providing the first evidence for UK FTSE 350 companies that auditor report is positively associated with real and accrual earnings management.
The study significantly finds evidence that fraud firms manage earnings on a sequential basis between accruals earnings management and real earnings management prior to fraud year.
The results confirm the earnings management hypothesis.
Results indicate that investors discount evidence of earnings management at the disclosure date when supplementary information is disclosed.
Using Indonesian data over 2007-2011, the results show that technical analysis signal before earnings announcements can produce profit, but signals after earnings announcements do not produce same results.
It advances our understanding on the PF earnings reporting behaviour.
Using novel earnings calendar data, we show that firms’ advanced scheduling of earnings announcement dates foreshadows their earnings news.
We also show that that while both the SUEAF and standardized unexpected earnings (SUE) capture earnings surprise, each contains information that is not entirely subsumed by the other.
We also document that the change in the information content of earnings for more informative reconcilers was contemporaneous with a change in earnings attributes for these firms.

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What is the relation of industrial robots and female employment?
5 answers
Industrial robots have varying impacts on female employment and the gender pay gap. Research shows that robot adoption in manufacturing establishments can lead to increased churning among female workers, with hiring rising significantly at adoption but separations also increasing, albeit with a smaller magnitude a year later. Additionally, the adoption of robots has been found to increase both male and female earnings but also widen the gender pay gap, especially in countries with high gender inequality levels. Moreover, the effects of automation technologies like industrial robots and computing equipment on the gender wage gap differ, with robots decreasing the male wage more than the female wage, while an increase in computers reduces the female wage more than the male wage.
What forecasting techniques are commonly employed in hospitality operations to gain a competitive advantage?
5 answers
In hospitality operations, various forecasting techniques are utilized to gain a competitive edge. These include Seasonal ARIMA Models for predicting room sales, fee-oriented strategies coupled with ownership structure analysis to enhance analyst forecast accuracy, and models inspired by cubic smoothing splines to forecast demand curves per rate class over time. Additionally, the use of long short-term memory (LSTM) models based on recurrent neural networks has shown improved forecasting accuracy in predicting hotel reservations. By leveraging these techniques, hospitality businesses can optimize revenue management strategies, allocate resources efficiently, plan marketing activities, and make informed decisions to stay ahead in the competitive industry landscape.
How asset revaluation impact asset management?
9 answers
Asset revaluation significantly impacts asset management across various dimensions, influencing financial reporting, investor confidence, and strategic decision-making. The revaluation of assets, particularly in the public sector, has been shown to result in an appreciation of fixed assets, notably land, thereby affecting the value of fixed assets on government balance sheets and encouraging improvements in asset administration and management. This process necessitates ongoing supervision and control to optimize asset function and enhance state revenues. Similarly, in the corporate sector, asset revaluation decisions are influenced by factors such as firm size and macro-economic policy environment, with significant effects on firm performance. The practice also has implications for the transparency and timeliness of financial reporting, as it can decrease stock price crash risk by improving the relevance of disclosed information, although this benefit varies with the firm's financial health and information asymmetry. Moreover, asset revaluation is associated with higher discretionary accruals, indicating potential earnings management and reflecting higher agency problems. This suggests that revaluation decisions might be driven by managerial incentives to present a more favorable financial position. This perspective is supported by findings that companies often revalue assets to enhance investor confidence and sustain company viability, particularly in entrepreneurial ventures. However, the quality of the revaluation process and the expertise of valuation professionals are critical to ensuring reliable outcomes and avoiding distorted financial representations. The motivation behind asset revaluation can also stem from strategic financial management, such as influencing net asset value and debt-to-equity ratios to manage political costs and debt covenants. In emerging markets like Pakistan, management incentives for asset revaluation include reducing contracting and political costs, although the effectiveness of these strategies varies. Finally, the decision to revalue assets can be influenced by fiscal policies, with companies often aiming to minimize tax liabilities, thereby affecting financial ratios and stakeholders' perception of the company's financial health. Overall, asset revaluation plays a crucial role in asset management by impacting financial metrics, regulatory compliance, and strategic financial planning.
Does inequality causes union memebrship decline?
5 answers
Inequality indeed plays a significant role in the decline of union membership. Research indicates that as earnings inequality rises, union density tends to decrease. The decline in unionization is associated with changes in the income distribution, where average union members have become relatively better off, potentially leading to reduced support for wage solidarity and redistributive policies. Moreover, cultural attitudes deeply rooted in historical processes like colonization have influenced the decline in union membership density and the rise in inequality in the United States, highlighting the impact of cultural values on these trends. Overall, the relationship between inequality and union membership decline is complex, involving economic, cultural, and political factors.
Is the accounting background of executives related with the liquidity of the firm?
4 answers
The accounting background of executives does have implications for firm liquidity. Research shows that CEOs with accounting backgrounds exhibit lower levels of accounting conservatism, which can impact financial reporting policies. Additionally, executives' centrality in networks affects stock liquidity costs, with more central executives linked to improved liquidity and narrower spreads. Furthermore, the quality of accounting information and executives' backgrounds influence credit availability for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with better accounting information or financial/political executive backgrounds enhancing short-term credit availability. Therefore, the accounting background of executives can indeed be related to the liquidity of the firm, influencing financial reporting decisions, stock liquidity costs, and credit availability.
How price to earnings ratio relate to the stock return?
5 answers
The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is a crucial metric in understanding stock returns. Research indicates that high P/E ratios have historically been followed by disappointing stock market performance in both the short and long term. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between stock returns and firm size, and an inverse relationship between stock returns and the P/E ratio. Some studies suggest that securities with low P/E ratios tend to outperform those with high P/E ratios, potentially indicating a bias in security prices. However, it has been found that excess rates of return were not necessarily obtained from investing in low P/E stocks. Overall, the P/E ratio plays a significant role in predicting and understanding stock returns, but its relationship with actual returns can vary based on different factors and time periods.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of state-owned enterprises?
5 answers
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) have advantages such as providing essential services to citizens, contributing significantly to public finances, and playing crucial roles in various economies. However, they face challenges like political interference, financial constraints, regulatory burdens, and management inefficiencies, which can hinder their transparency and effectiveness. SOEs often have to balance profit objectives with public mandates, leading to potential conflicts and weaker performance compared to private firms. Moreover, issues like earnings management, especially real earnings manipulation, can arise in SOEs, impacting their credibility and sustainability in the supply chain. To mitigate these challenges, governments must adopt suitable management models to enhance efficiency, service quality, and financial stability in state-owned enterprises.
Does a background in accounting of executives influence solvency?
5 answers
CEOs with accounting backgrounds have a significant impact on various aspects of a firm's financial performance. Research suggests that CEOs with accounting backgrounds tend to engage in earnings management activities, potentially influencing solvency. Additionally, CEOs with financial expertise are found to positively affect a firm's stock price crash risk, with a mediating role of earnings management in this relationship. Furthermore, the quality of accounting information and executives' financial backgrounds play crucial roles in improving short-term credit availability for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Overall, the educational backgrounds of executives, particularly in accounting, can influence a firm's financial reporting policies, accounting conservatism levels, and ultimately impact solvency through various financial management practices and decision-making processes.
Does a background in accounting of executives improve the ability to pay back long-term debt of the firm?
4 answers
CEOs with accounting backgrounds can influence a firm's ability to pay back long-term debt. Research shows that firms led by CEOs with accounting backgrounds exhibit lower levels of accounting conservatism, recognizing bad news quickly, which can enhance debt repayment ability. Additionally, the quality of accounting information and executives' backgrounds impact credit availability and loan terms for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Better accounting information quality or executives' financial/political backgrounds can improve short-term credit availability, with accounting quality playing a crucial role in long-term credit availability. Furthermore, granting long-term accounting-based compensation plans (LTAPs) to CEOs leads to lower borrowing costs, improved debt repayment ability, reduced risk-taking incentives, and enhanced credit ratings, ultimately aiding in reducing credit risk and facilitating debt repayment.
Does a background in accounting lead to better working capital management?
5 answers
CEOs with accounting backgrounds may impact firms' working capital management. Research on Canadian natural resource firms suggests that increased cash holdings and derivatives serve as alternative risk-hedging strategies. Studies on UK data show that the specification and power of tests based on working capital accruals can influence working capital management. Moreover, the role of the money manager in ensuring sufficient funds for operations and safeguarding assets is crucial for effective working capital management. Small firms in England that use quantitative capital budgeting and working capital techniques tend to be more active in managing their working capital effectively. Therefore, having a background in accounting can potentially lead to better working capital management practices within firms.
What do prior literature found about inadequate compensation and decent work?
5 answers
Prior literature has extensively explored the relationship between inadequate compensation and decent work. Studies have shown that adequate compensation significantly impacts various dimensions of decent work, such as access to health services, safe working conditions, free time, and organizational values. Research emphasizes the importance of fair compensation in enhancing employee motivation, job satisfaction, and overall work quality. Additionally, the concept of decent work incorporates both soft and hard variables, with pay being a crucial aspect that influences work quality and employee well-being. However, empirical research on decent work is still in its early stages, with a focus on identifying work quality deficits and the necessary conditions for decent work existence, especially in medium to low development countries. Overall, the literature underscores the significance of adequate compensation in promoting decent work and improving overall work quality.