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When should I replace my hardwired smoke detectors?

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Journal Article•DOI Early fire detection: Are hydrogen sensors able to detect pyrolysis of house hold materials? Simone Krüger, Marie-Claire Despinasse, Tina Raspe, Kai Nörthemann, Werner Moritz - Show less +4 more 01 Jul 2017-Fire Safety Journal 23 Citations	The sensors are best for combination with other techniques, such as smoke detectors.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Correlates of reported smoke detector usage in an inner-city population: participants in a smoke detector give-away program. Kathy N. Shaw, Marie C. McCormick, S. L. Kustra, Richard M. Ruddy, Rosemary Casey - Show less +4 more 01 Jun 1988-American Journal of Public Health 23 Citations	These characteristics of smoke detector usage and acquisition should be considered in targeting future intervention strategies.
Journal Article•DOI Experimental Analysis on False Alarms of Fire Detectors by Cooking Fumes Xie Qiyuan, Yuan Hong-yong, Guo Huiliang - Show less +2 more 01 Jul 2004-Journal of Fire Sciences 9 Citations	The results of these experiments show that the smoke detectors, especially the ionization detector, are sensitive to cooking fumes and nuisance alarms are easy to happen.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Comparison of gas sensor technologies for fire gas detection D. Gutmacher, D. Gutmacher, C. Foelmli, W. Vollenweider, Ulrich Hoefer, Jürgen Wöllenstein - Show less +5 more 01 Jan 2011-Procedia Engineering 18 Citations	This paper demonstrates the usability of gas sensor technologies for fire detection to enhance the performance of conventional smoke detectors.
Journal Article•DOI Early Warning Fire Detection System Using a Probabilistic Neural Network Susan L. Rose-Pehrsson, Sean J. Hart, Thomas T. Street, Frederick W. Williams, Mark H. Hammond, Daniel T. Gottuk, Mark T. Wright, Jennifer T. Wong - Show less +7 more 01 Apr 2003-Fire Technology 57 Citations	The current alarm algorithm resulted in better overall performance than the commercial smoke detectors, by providing both improved nuisance source immunity with generally equivalent or faster response times.
Journal Article•DOI Advanced fire detection using multi-signature alarm algorithms * Daniel T. Gottuk, Michelle J. Peatross, Richard J. Roby, Craig L. Beyler - Show less +3 more 01 Jun 2002-Fire Safety Journal 101 Citations	Alarm algorithms utilizing ionization detector smoke measurements proved to be more effective than measurements from photoelectric detectors.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Adversarial Adaptation From Synthesis to Reality in Fast Detector for Smoke Detection Gao Xu, Qixing Zhang, Dongcai Liu, Lin Gaohua, Jinjun Wang, Yongming Zhang - Show less +5 more 04 Mar 2019-IEEE Access 22 Citations	However, the learning of smoke representation in the detectors will be restricted by the appearance gap between real and synthetic smoke samples, which will cause a significant performance drop.

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