scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Answers from top 13 papers

More filters
Papers (13)Insight
The CMOS transistor with the silicon nitride gate insulator formed by the microwave-excited plasma and TaN/Ta/TaN metal gate on (110) surface orientation silicon having a higher current drive capability and high integration density is the most practical candidate for lOOnm technology node and beyond.
It is argued that the device is suitable for integration with silicon electronics and silicon optoelectronic devices.
It emerges from the analysis that the bipolar transistor appears to be an attractive input device for head amplifiers intended for large acquisition systems associated with silicon detectors.
It is shown that the action of a parasitic bipolar transistor should be taken into account only when the channel length is short enough due to the much smaller carrier mobility in polysilicon compared with single crystalline silicon.
Normal transistor performance was observed after the GaAs LED fabrication, indicating that GaAs and Si processing technologies appear to be compatible.
This is the smallest SiGe heterostructure-channel MOS transistor reported to date.
The fT of 213 GHz is the highest value yet reported for any silicon-based bipolar transistor.
Experimental results obtained for a silicon RF bipolar transistor demonstrate validity of the method.
We propose a light emitting transistor based on silicon nanocrystals provided with 200Mbits∕s built-in modulation.
The measurements reveal that the fabricated devices show the desired transistor characteristics.
The silicon transistor will certainly allow further rapid improvements in price and performance for at least another decade, but it might yet be succeeded by some molecular-scale device that exhibits amplification and is therefore essentially a drop-in in terms of circuits and system architectures.
The combination of both a transistor and a mechanical element into a hybrid unit enables on-chip functionality and performance previously unachievable in silicon.
Furthermore, calculations of electron concentration profiles in the source show why the source-gated transistor in hydrogenated amorphous silicon is more stable than an equivalent FET.

See what other people are reading

What are the challages faced of formation of nanohetero structure?
5 answers
The challenges faced in the formation of nanohetero structures include the need for precise control over the assembly process, the difficulty in achieving hierarchical orientation dynamics at various length scales, and the requirement for effective and simple methods for nanostructure formation. Achieving a three-dimensional periodic structure with high-density spherical hard magnetic substances dispersed in an insulating magnetic matrix is crucial but challenging. Additionally, ensuring the attachment of metal nanoparticles onto nano-semiconductor bases poses a challenge in nano-hetero structure formation. Overcoming these challenges requires advancements in self-organization methods, control over assembly dynamics, and innovative techniques for nanostructure fabrication.
How much silicon (si) may be recovered from 1 Kt waste of solar c-si?
4 answers
The recovery of silicon (Si) from waste crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar panels is a critical process for sustainable resource management and environmental protection. Various studies have explored different methodologies to optimize the recovery rate and purity of silicon from such waste. From the analysis of the provided contexts, it is evident that the recovery rate and purity of silicon can significantly vary based on the employed recovery process, the initial purity of the waste material, and the optimization of process parameters. The physical process described by Dae-Sik Yoon et al. achieved a solar cell recovery rate of 87.4% under optimized conditions, indicating a high potential for Si recovery from solar module waste. Yaqiong Li et al. demonstrated the recovery of Si through slag refining, concentrating SiC and Si3N4 inclusions in the slag, which suggests another viable method for Si recovery from solar cell Si scraps. Furthermore, the upcycling of Si waste into high-performance Li-ion battery anodes, as shown by Bhagath Sreenarayanan et al., underscores the potential for not just recovering Si but also adding value to it. The preparation of silicon carbide powder from recovered silicon, as detailed by Yoonjoo Lee et al., further exemplifies the diverse applications of recovered Si, enhancing its value beyond mere recovery. The study by Quinto G. Mulazzani et al. provides an overview of the energy consumption and yield of recycling processes, estimating an overall recycling yield of about 84% for c-Si PV modules. This yield is crucial for understanding the efficiency of the recycling process. Given these findings, if we consider an average recovery rate of approximately 84% from c-Si PV modules, it is feasible to estimate that from 1 Kt (1,000 tons) of waste c-Si solar panels, up to 840 tons of silicon could potentially be recovered. This estimate takes into account the variations in recovery rates due to different processes and the initial purity of the waste material. However, it's important to note that the actual recoverable amount of Si could vary based on the specific technologies used, the condition of the waste material, and the efficiency of the recovery process implemented.
What are the sensors used to measure dissolved oxygen?
5 answers
Various sensors are utilized to measure dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. These include potentiometric solid-state semiconductor sensors like SnO2-gate field-effect transistors (FETs), fluorescence quenching-based sensors employing fluorescence lifetime detection, time-domain lifetime measurement sensors with oxygen sensing films, phosphorescence quenching-based intelligent sensors on optofluidic platforms for continuous DO measurement, and microelectrode array (MEA) sensors with gold electrodes for electrochemical testing in solutions like potassium ferricyanide. Each sensor type offers unique advantages such as high sensitivity, stability, accuracy, and the ability to provide continuous, real-time measurements, catering to diverse applications in industrial, biomedical, and environmental fields.
What is mechanisms of theX-ray detection?
5 answers
The mechanisms of X-ray detection involve various components and processes. X-ray detectors typically consist of vibrating disks, conveying devices, guide rails, detection devices, and sorting mechanisms to facilitate efficient detection of materials. These detectors utilize the Shockley-Ramo theorem to operate, incorporating ionization energy for electron-hole pair creation and responsivity formulation. In medical imaging, flat panel X-ray imagers (FPXIs) play a crucial role, utilizing direct conversion technology where X-ray photons are converted to charges in a photoconductor, then read by sensors like TFT-AMA or CMOS arrays. Additionally, a guiding mechanism with lead screws and sliders enables precise adjustment for optimal X-ray source reception, ensuring clear image quality and easy maintenance. These combined mechanisms enhance detection efficiency and accuracy in X-ray applications.
How does 2D ice contribute to green energy?
5 answers
2D ice plays a significant role in contributing to green energy by enabling innovative technologies for sustainable practices. It can be utilized in various ways such as in ice-assisted electron-beam lithography (iEBL) for nanofabrication, as a template for assembling colloidal nanoparticles into large 2D nanosheets, and in a multi-level ice and snow energy utilization system for power generation. These applications demonstrate how 2D ice can be leveraged to enhance energy efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and promote the utilization of renewable resources. By incorporating 2D ice into different green energy technologies, it contributes to the development of sustainable solutions for energy generation and utilization, aligning with the global efforts towards a more eco-friendly future.
What are the potential applications of Fabry-Perot interference in SiC nanosamples with Au coating?
4 answers
Fabry-Perot interference in SiC nanosamples with Au coating holds promise for various applications. The interference property controlled by the cavity length tuning in nanophotonic devices is widely utilized. Additionally, the scattering of visible and infrared photons from nanostructured materials, such as plasmonic Ag nanoparticles, can exhibit Fabry-Perot interference patterns, aiding in imaging and detection. Furthermore, the combination of Au:Cd nanoparticles with porous-Si for photodetectors showcases enhanced responsivity due to quantum confinement effects, emphasizing the importance of nanoparticle size and surface area. This demonstrates the versatility of Fabry-Perot interference in different materials and structures, offering opportunities for advanced optical devices and sensors.
What was the main focus of the research conducted by David, J., Lemak., Wiboon, Arunthanes in 1997?
5 answers
The research conducted by David, J., Lemak., Wiboon, Arunthanes in 1997 focused on the development of a high-speed hydraulic cylinder with low friction by employing constant clearance seal technology. This innovative hydraulic cylinder aimed to address the traditional issue of friction affecting the high-speed performance of hydraulic cylinders due to sealing ring friction. Despite achieving low friction and fast speed, internal leakage remained a challenge, leading to decreased volume efficiency with increasing working pressure. To overcome this, the researchers proposed a self-compensation variable-clearance sealing hydraulic cylinder, studying the compensation mechanism, effect, and adaptability of the variable clearance seal. The study also involved establishing a load analysis model for the piston lip in the flow field and optimizing the piston structure to enhance sealing effectiveness.
What names are applied to the two types of BJT transistors?
5 answers
The two types of Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are named based on the arrangement of semiconductor materials within them. The first type is called NPN, which stands for Negative-Positive-Negative, while the second type is known as PNP, which stands for Positive-Negative-Positive. In an NPN transistor, the switch turns on when a current flows through the base, whereas in a PNP transistor, the switch turns on when there is no current through the base. These configurations are essential in determining the behavior and functionality of the transistors, influencing their applications in amplification, switching, and digital circuit elements.
What is application or daily use of adder and subtractor?
5 answers
Adder and subtractor circuits play a crucial role in digital circuits for performing arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction. These circuits are essential components in processors, where the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) utilizes them for executing mathematical functions. In the realm of quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), novel adder/subtractor designs have been proposed, leveraging the benefits of quantum technology for efficient and cost-effective computing systems. Additionally, the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) is employed for verifying the functionality of adder-subtractor circuits, offering automation and ease of building verification environments. Overall, adder and subtractor circuits find widespread application in daily computing tasks, ensuring accurate and reliable arithmetic calculations in various digital systems.
What metals are used in the use of microneedles?
5 answers
Microneedles are fabricated using a variety of materials, including silicon, stainless steel, polymers, metals, and carbohydrates. Stainless steel is a commonly used metal in microneedle production, with different grades containing varying amounts of nickel. For instance, the microneedles used by authors are composed of 316L alloy, which contains 10% to 14% nickel. Additionally, metallic microneedles made by local electrodeposition-based additive manufacturing can be created using copper on copper-coated or gold-coated silicon substrates, showing antimicrobial properties. These metallic microneedles offer potential advantages in terms of drug delivery and antimicrobial activity, showcasing the versatility and effectiveness of metal-based microneedles in various biomedical applications.
Metals in the use of microneedles?
4 answers
Metals play a crucial role in the fabrication of microneedles for various applications. Electrochemical-based additive manufacturing techniques, such as CERES, enable the creation of metal microneedles with antimicrobial properties. Metallic microneedles offer advantages over polymeric ones, providing mechanical integrity and tailored drug release capabilities for transdermal drug delivery systems. The use of metals like copper in microneedles has shown promising antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, making them suitable for medical applications. Additionally, the fabrication of microneedles using automated wire bonding processes on flexible substrates demonstrates the potential for mass production of metallic microneedle arrays. Furthermore, the composition of metals in microneedles, such as stainless steel containing nickel, raises considerations for potential allergic reactions in patients, highlighting the importance of material selection in microneedle design.