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However, discotic liquid crystals are already having a significant impact.
In this way we believe that this totally new perspective of liquid crystals application is worth being developed in order to demonstrate the experimental viability of the concept.
The agreement between theory and experiment is found to be good for all the liquid crystals studied.
This behavior is similar to that of some classical lyotropic liquid crystals.
Compared with other techniques in the literature, the proposed methodology is a reliable and very simple technique for the physical investigation of liquid crystals.
Thus, the comparative study of simulated and experimental results for the pair of similar liquid crystals still can be assumed plausible.
These studies will contribute to further choice and application of the liquid crystals.
The study contributes to further choice and applications of the liquid crystals.

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When was sortaseC discovered?4 answersSortaseC, a novel enzyme, was discovered in Streptococcus suis. The LPXTG protein-sorting signal, a key element in various Gram-positive pathogens, led to the identification of different prokaryotic small C-terminal sorting domains, including Sortase A (SrtA) and other exosortases. Additionally, a FRET-based random screening assay identified ethyl 3-oxo-2-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)butanoate as a potent sortase A inhibitor, contributing to the understanding of enzyme inhibition. Furthermore, a novel class of small-molecule sortase A inhibitors was generated through random screening, establishing the primary structure-activity relationship and structural requirements for potency. These findings collectively contribute to the ongoing exploration of sortase enzymes and their inhibitors.
How do liquid crystals compare to ordinary liquids and crystalline solids?5 answersLiquid crystals exhibit properties that lie between those of conventional liquids and solid crystals. They possess anisotropy similar to solid crystals but also fluidity akin to liquids, showcasing characteristics of both states simultaneously. Liquid crystals can be categorized into thermotropic, lyotropic, and metallotropic phases, with thermotropic LCs transitioning with temperature changes, lyotropic LCs transitioning with both temperature and concentration variations, and metallotropic LCs dependent on inorganic-organic composition ratios. These unique materials have found applications in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, due to their advantageous properties like thermodynamic stability, controlled release capabilities, and improved bioavailability. Liquid crystals play a crucial role in modern technology, especially in electronic displays like LCDs, where their anisotropic and soft nature allows for easy manipulation through external stimuli.
What are liquid crystals?4 answersLiquid crystals are a unique state of matter that exhibit properties of both solids and liquids. They consist of molecules organized in a specific order, allowing them to flow like liquids while maintaining some level of molecular alignment akin to crystals. Liquid crystals come in various types such as lyotropic, polymeric, thermotropic, and discotic, with complex molecular structures that lead to distinct phases like crystals, smectic, nematic, and cholesteric. These materials have found applications in photonics, optics, field sensing, and even in liquid crystal displays, showcasing their versatility and importance in both scientific research and industrial applications. Liquid crystals' ability to respond to external stimuli like temperature, electric fields, and light makes them promising for a wide range of future applications and scientific exploration.
What are the first discoveries of cancer?5 answersThe first discoveries of cancer date back to ancient times. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, discovered in Egypt around 3000-2500 BC, describes breast tumors that were eradicated through cauterization with a fire drill. In the eighteenth century, observations of tumors among chimney sweeps provided early evidence of carcinogens in the environment. These early observations, along with later experiments with coal tars, led to the understanding that carcinogens can promote cancer by inducing mutations in DNA. It was also discovered that cancer is caused by mutations in genes that control cell behavior and that different types of cancers can be further divided into subtypes based on molecular analysis. These early discoveries laid the foundation for further research and understanding of cancer development and treatment.
How do liquid crystals interact with DNA?4 answersLiquid crystals (LCs) can interact with DNA through electrostatic interactions and DNA binding to surfactant vesicles. The formation of DNA-involved LCs has been observed using polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The properties of DNA-based LCs can be influenced by the chain lengths of surfactants and DNA, as well as the position of functional groups on surfactants. The amount of DNA can also affect the formation and properties of DNA-based LCs, with shorter DNA strands enhancing thermal stability. DNA sequence design can be used to separate nucleation and growth in crystallization processes, leading to improved crystal uniformity and size control. Positively charged catanionic surfactant vesicles can bond with DNA to form long-range ordered lamellar crystals. DNA doping can induce twist deformations in LC alignment, with the specific DNA base influencing the twisted structure.
What is the history of liquid crystal on silicon based spatial light modulator?5 answersLiquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLMs) have been used to filter and control the broadband light spectrum of a supercontinuum (SC) laser source. The use of LCoS-SLMs allows for dynamic control of the spectral retardance function, enabling the modulation of the state of polarization of each wavelength. This capability has been applied to create an optical system that disperses the input laser and projects the spectrally separated components onto the LCoS-SLM, resulting in an output laser source with programmable spectrum. The system incorporates two branches to independently control the visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) spectral content, covering a range from 450 nm to 1600 nm. This programmable control of the SC laser source spectrum has potential applications in biological imaging.

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