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These discoveries offer important mechanistic insights for the design of advanced electrochemical capacitors.
Such high value of C s locates this material among very good polymeric redox pseudo-capacitors.
With these features, ACAs are expected to be promising electrode materials for electrical double layer capacitors.
These results suggest that the fabricated electrode material has huge potential as a novel electrode material for electrochemical capacitors.
The fabricated capacitors have potential for applications in embedded technology in the radio frequency.
These results show that the composite film is a promising candidate for high energy electrochemical capacitors.
The performances of the PANI capacitors can be remarkably improved after secondary doping with m-cresol.
Journal ArticleDOI
M. Bhushan, R.W. Newcomb 
435 Citations
Fabrication techniques indicate that it is easier to obtain earthed capacitors than unearthed ones in integrated circuits.
From the viewpoints of structural performance, safety, service life and high frequency capability, structural dielectric capacitors are closer to commercialization readiness than structural supercapacitors.

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How do p-n junction semiconductors work?
5 answers
P-N junction semiconductors function based on the interaction between P-type and N-type materials. When these materials are joined, a depletion region forms due to the diffusion of majority charge carriers (electrons and holes) across the junction. This region acts as an insulator, separating the conductive P and N doped regions. The built-in potential across the junction is determined by the carrier densities on each side. The interface of the P-N junction can be optimized to increase modulation efficiency and reduce power consumption in optoelectronic devices. Understanding the fundamentals of P-N junction diodes is crucial, as they are the basis for various electronic and optoelectronic technologies. By utilizing effective strategies like one-step solution crystallization, high-quality bilayer P-N heterojunctions can be achieved, enhancing the performance of organic field-effect transistors.
How to prepare hydrogel for supercapacitors?
4 answers
To prepare hydrogels for supercapacitors, various methods have been proposed in recent research. One approach involves the formation of a stretchable, redox-active hydrogel electrolyte by radical cross-linking polymerization and solvent displacement process, incorporating redox-additives like 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxy (TEMPOL). Another method includes utilizing epoxidized natural rubber/acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer hydrogel electrolytes immersed in sodium sulfate salt solutions to enhance ionic conductivity and self-healing properties. Additionally, the modification of cobalt oxide with silver nanoparticles within hydrogels has been explored for supercapacitor electrodes, demonstrating specific capacitance improvements. Furthermore, composite hydrogel electrolytes of polyacrylic acid and graphene oxide have shown enhanced mechanical properties and ionic conductivity, leading to improved supercapacitor performance and flexibility. These diverse approaches highlight the versatility and potential of hydrogels in supercapacitor applications.
Active base isolation systems with actuators?
5 answers
Active base isolation systems utilize actuators to counteract vibrations and provide effective vibration control. These systems can employ various types of actuators, such as electromagnetic actuators, electrodynamic drives, and magnetic actuators. Actuators in these systems are designed to reduce noise, compensate for vibroactive forces, and actively isolate neighboring electrodes in multi-electrode plasma actuators. By incorporating different types of actuators, these systems can achieve dynamic control over vibrations, allowing for both passive isolation and active vibration control when needed. The combination of actuators with elastomeric mounts can amplify or attenuate the overall restoring force, providing the system with the flexibility to behave passively or be actively controlled based on the operating conditions.
Active base isolation systems with hydrualic actuators?
5 answers
Active base isolation systems with hydraulic actuators have been proposed as effective solutions for mitigating structural responses to seismic events. These systems combine passive isolation bearings with actively controlled hydraulic actuators to reduce base displacements while maintaining superstructure responses similar to passive systems. The use of hydraulic actuators allows for smooth and limited control forces, addressing the limitations of passive systems. Additionally, the ability to amplify or attenuate the overall restoring force based on operating conditions provides a versatile approach to vibration isolation. Furthermore, the integration of hydraulic actuators in active vibration isolation devices has shown promise in aerospace engineering, offering compact solutions with inertial actuators to overcome installation limitations.
What is the principle behind the operation of voltammetric sensors?
4 answers
The principle behind the operation of voltammetric sensors lies in their ability to detect substances through electrochemical reactions. These sensors utilize transducer mechanisms, such as electrochemical transducers, to convert chemical signals into electrical signals for analysis. Voltammetric sensors can directly detect bacteria or indirectly detect metabolites produced by bacteria, showcasing their versatility in various applications. Additionally, the fabrication of voltammetric sensors involves optimizing conditions for electropolymerization and utilizing specific materials like ionic liquids to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. Understanding the mechanisms of voltammetric sensors is crucial for improving their performance, especially in monitoring substances like blood glucose, urea, and dopamine with high accuracy and precision.
Moisture content of oil ?
4 answers
The moisture content of oil is a critical parameter in various industrial processes, impacting oil quality and production efficiency. Different studies have proposed innovative methods for measuring moisture content in oil. One approach involves utilizing high-frequency electromagnetic signals sensitive to dielectric constants of oil and water to optimize measurement accuracy. Another study introduces a device using terahertz imaging technology for nondestructive testing of moisture content in dielectric oil, emphasizing high accuracy and automation. Additionally, a new technology based on single-chip microcomputers offers automatic and precise moisture content detection in crude oil, enhancing production management and efficiency. These diverse approaches highlight the importance of accurate moisture content measurement in oil-related industries for quality control and operational optimization.
What is the current state of ADC compensation research and what are the main unsolved problems?
4 answers
Current research in ADC compensation focuses on innovative techniques to address inherent challenges like capacitor mismatch and analog signal path errors. Techniques like Dynamic Element Matching (DEM)and backpropagation-based compensationhave shown promising results in improving ADC performance. However, challenges persist, such as the need for adaptive background compensation to mitigate errors caused by process variations in CMOS implementations, the impact of time-interleaved ADC (TI-ADC) mismatches on receiver performance, and the nonlinear distortion induced by TI-ADC structures in full-duplex transceivers. Unsolved problems include achieving high manufacturing yield in the presence of process variations, maintaining robustness and convergence speed in compensation techniques, and effectively mitigating ADC imperfections to ensure optimal system performance.
What are the design a MEMS screech capacitive sensor?
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A MEMS capacitive sensor typically consists of a capacitor structure with various components like backplates, membranes, electrodes, and dielectric materials. These sensors are designed to measure pressure by detecting changes in capacitance due to pressure variations. Different designs have been proposed to enhance sensor performance. For instance, one design involves using a corrugated membrane with circular ridges and grooves to improve linearity in the capacitance-pressure response. Another design utilizes interdigital electrode (IDE) structures, where sensitivity increases with the width and depth of the sensing film. Additionally, some sensors incorporate multiple substrates, grooves, and electrodes to enhance linearity and reliability. These design variations aim to optimize sensor sensitivity, linearity, and overall performance for diverse applications in pressure measurement.
What are the remaining unsolved problems of frequency synthesizer?
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The remaining unsolved problems of frequency synthesizers include issues such as ensuring high accuracy despite temperature fluctuations and manufacturing variations, achieving a narrow channel interval while minimizing phase noise and spurious signals, preventing PLL circuits from locking before transmitting a standby frequency, which can interfere with reception, outputting all waveforms without increasing memory capacity and reducing side lobes, and maintaining a voltage control signal within a specified range while the synthesizer is in a locked state. These challenges highlight the ongoing need for advancements in frequency synthesizer technology to address issues related to accuracy, interference, waveform generation, and voltage control.
Is there magnesium based deep eutectics?
5 answers
Yes, magnesium-based deep eutectics have been explored in various studies. One study focused on the microstructure and properties of a magnesium-based nanocomposite processed with deep cryogenic treatment, showing enhancements in density, ignition temperature, strength, ductility, and microhardness. Another study introduced a novel class of deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) containing a tetramethylurea (TMU) dimer for Li-ion batteries, highlighting high thermal and reduction stabilities along with tunable conductivities. Additionally, chemical conversion films from deep eutectic solvents have been found to reduce the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys, indicating the potential of magnesium-based materials in this context. These findings collectively demonstrate the presence and potential applications of magnesium-based deep eutectics in various material and energy storage systems.
What is starter cell in this publication?
4 answers
In the publications provided, a starter cell is described in different contexts. In one instance, a starter cell is designed for plant growth, featuring openings for seeding and root passage, along with strategically placed ridges to guide root development and prevent twisting. Another mention of a starter cell refers to its role in a circuit, where it is part of a system that couples and decouples a power supply input to a supply capacitor based on the switching status of the circuit. Additionally, a different publication discusses a starter cell used in a fuel cell system, where part of the fuel is converted into hydrogen gas to enhance starting performance, especially at low temperatures. These varied applications highlight the diverse functionalities of starter cells in different fields.