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To our knowledge, this is the highest amplifier gain per stage achieved at this frequency range.
To the authors' knowledge, this power amplifier achieves the highest output power among the reported CMOS PAs at this frequency.
This implies that their impedance plays a significant role in amplifier compatibility and affects total input-referred noise.
This is in contrast to the familiar impedance match known from communication theory where input and source impedances have complex conjugate values for maximizing the power transfer from source to amplifier.
This paper suggests that the third order intermodulation level in high frequency amplifiers can be reduced significantly by injecting the second harmonic of the input signal into the amplifier.
The simpler impedance environment presented to the amplifier also results in increased amplifier tunability.
The optimization results in desirable input impedance for impedance matching and miniaturizing.
We have found values of parameters which determine the input impedance in such an “independent” regime and derived a quantitative theory which is in good agreement with the measured impedance values.

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