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Which digestive juice converts protein to amino acids? 

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Ingestion of a protein hydrolysate, as opposed to its intact protein, accelerates protein digestion and absorption from the gut, augments postprandial amino acid availability, and tends to increase the incorporation rate of dietary amino acids into skeletal muscle protein.
From these findings it seemed probable that the digestion products of dietary proteins are amino acids and that dietary protein nitrogen is transported from the intestine in the form of plasma amino acids.
Proteolysis of the protein preparations obtained with the use of two enzymes was more favourable, particularly due to the quantity of free amino acids in and amino acids composition of the hydrolysates.
The dietary protein source of amino acids is negligible when compared to the endogenous source, since this paper shows that protein-free diet did not alter the intestinal amino acid concentration.
The assumption that amino acid supplementation can completely restore biological efficiency of the protein source is incorrect since the kinetics of digestion and absorption between supplemented free amino acids and amino acids present in dietary proteins, are different.
Hydrolysis of peptides followed by uptake of the constituent amino acids may provide an important source of amino acids for milk protein synthesis.
If uptake of dietary essential amino acids from PAA and intact protein follows different time-courses, amino acid utilization and protein synthesis could be reduced by asynchronous absorption of amino acids from different sources.
We demonstrate that oxidized amino acids can be incorporated into proteins by protein synthesis.
Since body reserves of free amino acids are small, the relative timing of the input of amino acids and of carbohydrates can markedly affect protein synthesis and the efficiency of feed utilization (Geiger, 1950).
SummaryIntravenous amino acids, by increasing extracellular amino acid concentration, transiently stimulate protein synthesis and suppress protein breakdown.

Related Questions

Amino acid profile in plant based milk substitutes5 answersPlant-based milk substitutes vary in their amino acid profiles based on the combination of plant ingredients used. Studies have shown that combining plant sources like oat, pea, and lentil can lead to a more balanced amino acid profile. Linear optimization studies have demonstrated that various plant protein mixtures can replicate specific amino acid profiles, including those found in animal proteins, with high similarity percentages. Research comparing plant-based beverages like almond, oatmeal, rice, and coconut drinks to cow's milk revealed differences in amino acid composition, with oatmeal drink showing the highest amino acid protein scores. Additionally, amino acid-enriched plant-based ready-to-use therapeutic foods have been found effective in treating severe acute malnutrition, with the potential to restore essential amino acids. Commercial plant-based milk alternatives exhibit variability in fatty acid composition and protein digestibility, with products like oat and almond drinks showing comparable protein digestibility to cow's milk.
How do amino acids help gut health?5 answersAmino acids play a crucial role in promoting gut health. They can modulate the composition of gut microbiota, support the intestinal barrier function, and regulate immune fitness and oxidative stress homeostasis. Amino acids are utilized by epithelial cells for energy production and the synthesis of bioactive metabolites, such as glutathione and nitric oxide. They are also metabolized by gut microbiota, leading to the production of various metabolites that can either disrupt or regulate gut functions. Additionally, amino acids can affect the growth of gut bacteria, influencing the gut microbiota composition. Through these mechanisms, amino acids help maintain the integrity and function of the intestinal mucosa, support the immune system, and protect against intestinal diseases. Adequate intake of functional amino acids is therefore essential for gut health in both humans and animals.
Is there amino acid in skim milk?5 answersYes, skim milk contains amino acids. Amino acid fingerprints were determined in authentic nonfat dry milk (NFDM)/skim milk powder (SMP) samples using a rapid method of amino acid analysis. The amino acid composition of the milk base, consisting of buttermilk and skimmed milk mixture in a 1:1 ratio, was analyzed and found to contain essential amino acids. The effects of various amino acids on the acid production of lactic acid bacteria were studied, including their addition to skim milk. Micropeptides in skim milk powder were found to have a high content of amino acids, contributing to their antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. The protein efficiency ratio of raw skim milk was not reduced by ultra-high-temperature processing, indicating that the amino acid content was not affected.
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