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Which greenhouse gas is most in the atmosphere? 

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Trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride was recently detected in the atmosphere, and measurements of its IR spectrum suggest that it is one of the most greenhouse-active gases detected to date.
Soil O2 was a good predictor of greenhouse gas concentrations.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Donald J. Wuebbles, Katharine Hayhoe 
763 Citations
On a per molecule basis, it is much more effective a greenhouse gas than additional CO2.
The elevated greenhouse gas concentrations found in “polluted” air masses provide clear evidence for the presence of substantial emission sources in Europe.
This formation mechanism suggests that a source for this potentially dangerous greenhouse gas might be the recombination of SF5(X2A1) and CF3(X2A1) radicals on aerosol particles in the terrestrial atmosphere.
Hot spots and hot moments of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes can contribute significantly to overall GHG budgets.
The greenhouse with CO2 supplied from bottles turns out to be superior to tthe greenhouse with CO2 supplied by burning gas.

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What is atmosphere?
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The atmosphere is a crucial component surrounding the planet, consisting of gases like dust, water vapor, and moisture. It plays a vital role in various fields such as astrophysics and agriculture, acting as a medium for Cherenkov light propagation and influencing crop production through factors like solar radiation and wind. The atmosphere is a dynamic system influenced by forces like radiation, convection, gravity, and rotation, leading to fluctuations in temperature and pressure that manifest as short-term weather conditions. Understanding the atmosphere's properties, such as pressure, temperature, and density variations with altitude, is essential for aircraft and rocket performance, leading to the development of models like the standard atmosphere for study and simulation.
How does air pollution impact climate?
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Air pollution significantly impacts climate through various mechanisms, affecting both the atmosphere and the Earth's surface. The release of air pollutants, including greenhouse gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide, contributes to the greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change by trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. These pollutants, along with aerosols, influence the climate directly by absorbing and scattering sunlight and indirectly by altering cloud properties and radiation transfer processes, which in turn affect biogeochemical cycles, hydrological processes, and land surface processes. The urban clusters significantly impact both climate change and air pollution levels, with human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, industrial emissions, and deforestation being major contributors. The presence of particulate matter and other pollutants in the atmosphere can lead to poor air quality, which is linked to a range of health issues, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, air pollution's role in climate change extends to affecting the terrestrial hydrological cycle and ecosystem functions, with potential reductions in water availability and ecosystem productivity. Efforts to mitigate air pollution, such as implementing air pollution measures, may paradoxically make achieving global climate goals, like the Paris Agreement's 2°C target, more challenging due to the reduction of aerosols that currently help to offset some of the warming effects of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, addressing air pollution and climate change requires integrated approaches that consider the complex interactions between pollutants, climate systems, and human and ecological health. This includes adopting technologies to limit emissions of VOCs and nitrogen oxides, and exploring carbon capture and utilization technologies to manage CO2 emissions.
What are the current studies, theories and findings related to ulltraterrestrial life and undetected intra-planet space-dwelling lifeforms?
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Current studies and findings reveal the existence of intraterrestrial life in deep sub-sea floor sediments, continental rocks, igneous rock aquifers, and ancient salt deposits. These organisms, potentially chemolithoautotrophs, thrive on gases like hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide generated within the Earth. Additionally, extremotolerant microbes on Earth can withstand harsh conditions similar to those found in space, raising the possibility of microbial life existing beyond our planet. Molecular assembly theory offers a method to quantify the complexity of molecules, aiding in the detection of alien life through spectroscopic techniques. Studies also explore the potential for life on Mars and Titan, emphasizing the importance of understanding microbial diversity for upcoming space missions.
How the beef production stimulate growth in the secondary industry?
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Beef production plays a significant role in stimulating growth in the secondary industry through various channels. In the United States, beef cow-calf production is economically important, with a large number of small farms contributing to the industry. In Zambia, beef marketing channels are analyzed, showing efficiency and regional market interactions, which can enhance trade and markets. Moreover, strategies to develop the beef cattle industry under smallholders' conditions include creating profitable markets and facilitating technology adoption, which can boost the secondary industry. Despite concerns about the environmental impact of beef production, efforts are being made to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, with a focus on sustainability and climate commitments that can drive innovation and growth in the industry. By enhancing efficiency, market interactions, and sustainability, beef production can indeed stimulate growth in the secondary industry.
Hemp and sustainability ?
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Hemp holds significant potential for sustainability due to its diverse applications and positive environmental impact. Research emphasizes hemp's role in addressing climate change through its renewable energy source capabilities. The use of hemp in construction materials is gaining traction for its ability to sequester carbon dioxide, fast growth, and overall sustainability across its life cycle. Furthermore, studies highlight hemp's economic viability and positive societal impact, positioning it as a key player in the bioeconomy while respecting sustainability principles. Overall, hemp's versatility, from fiber to food and oil, aligns with the three pillars of sustainability - economy, environment, and society, making it a promising solution for sustainable development and achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
What is the nuclear energy?
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Nuclear energy is a significant form of energy harnessed from the nuclei of atoms, providing clean, reliable, and cost-effective power while mitigating climate change impacts. It plays a crucial role in the global energy landscape, with over 400 reactors in 32 countries generating about 10-15% of the world's electricity. The history of nuclear energy dates back to the discovery of radioactivity and X-rays, leading to the realization of the immense energy potential within atoms. Nuclear fission energy, a key component of many countries' energy matrices, has advantages but also raises concerns about accidents, emphasizing the importance of understanding nuclear reactions and plant operations. Additionally, advancements in fusion technology, like the ITER project, hold promise for long-term energy security through clean and abundant fusion reactions.
How do plastics pollute the environment?
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Plastics pollute the environment through various means, such as the release of microplastics into terrestrial ecosystems, the harmful effects of plastic pollutants on human health and ecosystems, the significant contribution of plastic waste to marine pollution and climate change, and the detrimental impact of plastic litter on marine life and the global carbon cycle. Improper disposal and unsustainable use of plastics lead to the contamination of air, water, soil, and living organisms, causing disruptions in marine activities, harm to living resources, and degradation of seawater quality. Plastic pollution not only poses health risks to humans and wildlife but also results in economic losses due to damage to the maritime industry. Addressing this issue requires reducing plastic production, increasing recycling efforts, and transitioning to eco-friendly alternatives to mitigate the adverse effects of plastic pollution on the environment.
What is overheat climate?
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Overheat climate refers to the phenomenon of urban overheating, exacerbated by global climate change and urban development, impacting urban livability and sustainability. This urban overheating is part of a broader issue of global warming, driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The consequences of this warming trend include rising global mean temperatures, more frequent and destructive natural disasters, sea level rise threatening coastal cities, and climate-driven migration becoming a global problem. Addressing the overheat climate crisis requires systemic approaches, such as international cooperation for coordinated policies to ensure a socially-just economic contraction and significant population reductions to achieve a sustainable human population within the Earth's biophysical means.
How does global warming affect human health and well-being, both directly and indirectly?
4 answers
Global warming, driven by climate change, significantly impacts human health and well-being directly and indirectly. Rising temperatures and deteriorating air quality exacerbate cardiovascular diseases and increase heat-related illnesses and deaths. Extreme weather events like heatwaves, floods, and wildfires lead to injuries, loss of life, and mental health issues. Vulnerable populations face heightened risks, including heatstroke, adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory illnesses, and infectious diseases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stresses the urgency of limiting global temperature increases to safeguard human health, emphasizing that even a 1.5°C rise poses significant dangers. Policy solutions must consider historical environmental injustices and racism to address the health impacts of climate change equitably. Adaptation and mitigation efforts are crucial to protect health from the worsening effects of climate change.
Refrigerants: short lived climate pollutants or forever chemicals?
5 answers
Refrigerants can be classified as both short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) and "forever chemicals." While refrigerants like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) contribute to long-term climate change due to their significant global warming potential (GWP), they are also considered short-lived pollutants that can be swiftly mitigated to cut the rate of climate change in half by mid-century. The destructive nature of refrigerants, especially in terms of ozone depletion and climate change, necessitates their careful management and phase-out to prevent lasting environmental impacts. Efforts to replace long-lived HFCs with short-lived substitutes can significantly reduce climate forcing effects, showcasing the potential benefits of transitioning to less harmful refrigerant options. Therefore, refrigerants straddle the line between short-lived climate pollutants and enduring environmental hazards.
What is the atmospheric lifespan of r134a hfc?
5 answers
The atmospheric lifespan of HFC-134a, also known as R-134a, is estimated to range from 1.3 to 20 years, with the dominant removal process being oxidation by the OH radical. This compound is primarily removed from the atmosphere through gas-phase reactions with OH radicals and UV photolysis. Additionally, the global warming potential of HFC-134a has been determined to be 380 on the 100-year time horizon. Leakage of R-134a from air conditioning systems of vehicles contributes to its presence in the atmosphere, with an average emission rate of 0.41 g/day from an AC-equipped vehicle. The concentration of HFC-134a in the background atmosphere has been observed to grow exponentially, indicating significant emissions starting in 1991 and rapidly increasing thereafter.