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Which instrument used to measure metal ions in serum sample?

Metal ions in aqueous solution

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Journal Article•DOI The validity of serum levels as a surrogate measure of systemic exposure to metal ions in hip replacement J Daniel, Hena Ziaee, Paul Pynsent, D. J. W. McMinn - Show less +3 more 01 Jun 2007-Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume 76 Citations	This suggests that serum metal concentrations are not useful as a surrogate measure of systemic metal ion exposure.
Journal Article•DOI Preconcentration of divalent trace metals on chelating silicas followed by on-line ion chromatography D. Chambaz, P. Edder, Werner Haerdi - Show less +2 more 01 Jan 1991-Journal of Chromatography A 10 Citations	It was also demonstrated that the method can be used for the determination of free metal ions and labile or moderately labile complexes.
Journal Article•DOI Metal-ion sensing by surface plasmon resonance on film electrodes Fakhradin Mirkhalaf, David J. Schiffrin - Show less +1 more 17 Apr 2000-Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 27 Citations	It is shown that the technique can be used for the determination of metal ions in water.
Journal Article•DOI Determination of metal cations by capillary electrophoresis effect of background carrier and completing agents Y.-H. Lee, T.-I. Lin - Show less +1 more 22 Jul 1994-Journal of Chromatography A 63 Citations	The methods developed here are well suited for determining metal ions in a variety of real samples.
Journal Article•DOI Electrochemical detection of Cu(II) using amino-functionalized MgFe2O4/Reduced graphene oxide composite Juncui Xu, Zhenyu Li, Xianming Yue, Fazhi Xie, Shiquan Xiong - Show less +4 more 03 May 2018-Analytical Methods 17 Citations	Overall, the proposed method could provide a reference for the detection of metal ions.
Journal Article•DOI Simultaneous determination of lead, arsenic, and mercury in cosmetics using a plastic based disposable electrochemical sensor Wang Wan, Ning Bao, Wenfeng Yuan, Nianpeng Si, Hua Bai, Haiyu Li, Zhang Qing - Show less +6 more 01 Jul 2019-Microchemical Journal 43 Citations	This approach may serve as an attractive alternative to conventional methods in routine analysis of heavy metal ions in cosmetics.

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What are the different methods for determining the concentration of heavy metals in a sample?5 answersThere are several methods for determining the concentration of heavy metals in a sample. One method is the wet digestion of the sample with strong acids such as H2SO4, HNO3, HF, and HNO3/HCl, or a combination of a strong acid with H2O2. Another method is the wet liquid digestion of the sample with strong acids in a microwave oven in a closed vessel. Additionally, liquid-liquid dispersion micro-extraction (DLLME) and solid phase extraction (SPE) are commonly used methods in sample preparation after the digestion process. Cloud point extraction (CPE) is another method that relies on the separation of hydrophobic analytes between two phases generated from a non-ionic surfactant solution when heated to its critical cloud point temperature. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis of acid-digested materials is also used to determine heavy metal concentrations. Portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) devices and satellite hyperspectral images have been used to estimate metal distributions in soil samples. Finally, electrochemical techniques, specifically voltammetry, are promising methods for the simultaneous detection of heavy metal ions.

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