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The amino acid profile is comparable to that in leguminous oil seeds.
METHIONINE and lysine appear to be the most limiting amino acids in corn-soybean oil meal-type diets for turkey poults (Baldini et al., 1954; Waibel, 1959).
The presence of numerous amino acids in the body and their ability to form amides with several saturated and unsaturated fatty acids indicated the potential existence of a large number of heretofore unidentified acyl amino acids.
The polarity of the oil phase can have a considerable influence on the degree of protein conformational re-arrangement because it acts as a solvent for hydrophobic amino acids.
The amino acid composition showed that oilseeds contained nutritional useful quantities of essential amino acids.
We have found a novel way of protecting the hydroxyl function in hydroxy-L-amino acids, making use of the t-butoxy group, which is readily split by acids, but not by bases.
These results show that sulfur‐containing amino acids form stronger interactions than aromatic or aliphatic amino acids.
This suggests that these amino acids were able to inhibit fatty acid scission.
Essential amino acids in the hydrolysate accounted for 43% of the total amino acids. The results suggesting that hydrolysate could be added to food oils as an efficient antioxidant.

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Is any enzyme capable for decarboxylate 3,5-dihydrohybenzoate?
5 answers
Yes, enzymes capable of decarboxylating 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate have been identified. A 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate decarboxylase from Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum JW/Z-1T was found to catalyze the decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. Additionally, a new oxidative decarboxylation pathway for 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate (DBHB) catabolism was discovered in Pigmentiphaga sp. strain H8, involving the enzyme OdcA that mediates the oxidative decarboxylation of DBHB to 2,6-dibromohydroquinone. These findings highlight the enzymatic capability for decarboxylating hydroxybenzoate compounds, shedding light on the diverse enzymatic pathways involved in the catabolism of such aromatic compounds.
What are the specific obesity-related biomarkers being studied in relation to Sabah Spring Onion (Losun)?
5 answers
Sabah Spring Onion (Losun) is not specifically mentioned in the provided contexts. However, various biomarkers related to obesity have been studied in different research papers. These biomarkers include adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and genetic markers like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes such as FTO, MC4R, ADRB2, and others. Additionally, biomarkers like high glucose levels have been associated with obesity in the Malaysian population. While the focus is on different biomarkers and genetic factors in these studies, the specific investigation of Sabah Spring Onion (Losun) in relation to obesity-related biomarkers is not covered in the provided research contexts.
Can acly be biotinylated?
5 answers
Yes, acyl can be biotinylated. Biotinylation is the process of attaching biotin to a molecule, and it is commonly used in various research applications. While biotinylation is often associated with proteins, it can also be applied to other molecules, including acyl compounds. Biotinylation can occur through in vitro chemical synthesis, where biotin is covalently linked to reactive functional groups on the molecule. Additionally, biotinylation techniques, such as amide bond formation, [3+2] cycloadditions, Staudinger ligation, and thioether formation, can be utilized to attach biotin to small molecules like acyl compounds. Therefore, acyl compounds can indeed undergo biotinylation, expanding the scope of molecules that can be labeled and studied using this versatile technique.
How caramelization reaction occur?
5 answers
Caramelization is a nonenzymatic browning reaction that happens when sugars are exposed to high temperatures, leading to the formation of caramel-like flavors and colors. This reaction involves dehydration and self-condensation reactions of sugars, resulting in the production of volatiles like 2-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), pigments such as melanoidines, and oligosaccharides like di-d-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs). The process of caramelization can be influenced by factors like pH, water activity, redox potential, and food structure, which affect the distribution of intermediates and final products. Additionally, caramelization can lead to the formation of spirodioxanyl acetals and branched oligosaccharides, which are used as tracers for authenticating caramelization in food and food additives. Understanding the kinetics and mechanisms of caramelization through multiresponse modeling can aid in optimizing food processing and product design.
Are there examples of uncouplers that lower body temperature?
5 answers
Various uncouplers have been identified that can lower body temperature by dissipating energy as heat instead of producing ATP. For instance, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) found in brown adipose tissue is crucial for generating heat during cold exposure to defend body temperature. Additionally, studies have explored the use of chemical uncouplers like dinitrophenol (DNP) to increase mitochondrial uncoupling, leading to a decrease in metabolic efficiency and potentially lowering body temperature. Moreover, recent research has introduced a novel mitochondrial uncoupler named BAM15, which selectively uncouples mitochondria without affecting the plasma membrane potential, showing promise in protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidneys and potentially influencing body temperature regulation. These examples highlight the role of uncouplers in modulating body temperature through mitochondrial uncoupling mechanisms.
Is ABCG2 a knotted homodimer?
4 answers
Yes, ABCG2 is a homodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that plays a crucial role in multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Structural studies have revealed that ABCG2 forms a symmetric homodimer configuration, with a key amino acid residue, F439, being essential for both transport and binding of various substrates and inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulations and docking studies have provided insights into the structural stability and drug-binding sites of the ABCG2 homodimer. Additionally, investigations using bimolecular fluorescence complementation have confirmed the formation of specific ABCG2 dimers, supporting the concept of ABCG2 functioning as a homodimer. These findings collectively highlight the homodimeric nature of ABCG2 and its significance in mediating drug resistance mechanisms in cancer cells.
How effective is annona muricata leaf extract in repelling mosquito?
5 answers
Annona muricata leaf extract has shown significant effectiveness in repelling mosquitoes. Research indicates that the leaf extract contains bioactive compounds with larvicidal properties against mosquito larvae, particularly Aedes aegypti, a carrier of diseases like dengue fever. Additionally, the extract exhibits potent antibacterial activity against various pathogens, highlighting its potential in combating bacterial infections, including multidrug-resistant strains. Furthermore, the extract demonstrates antioxidant properties, targeting reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can contribute to its repellent effects on mosquitoes. Overall, the diverse biological effects of Annona muricata leaf extract make it a promising natural solution for mosquito control, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to pest management.
What are the current research efforts on using amines for carbon capture and storage?
5 answers
Current research efforts on using amines for carbon capture and storage focus on enhancing efficiency and reducing energy requirements. Studies explore the use of nano-catalytic materials in solvents to minimize energy for solvent regeneration. Additionally, rigorous models are being developed to understand the dynamics of amine-based CO2 capture plants, aiming to optimize technical and economic performance. Amino acids are also being investigated as potential replacements for traditional alkanolamines due to their low toxicity and high CO2 capture efficiency. Furthermore, recent advancements highlight the potential of nano-fluids in improving absorption efficiency for carbon capture, offering enhanced mass transfer performance. These diverse research approaches aim to develop more efficient and cost-effective carbon capture and storage technologies using amines.
What is the role of Cholesteryl esters on the skin surface lipids?
5 answers
Cholesteryl esters play a significant role in skin surface lipids by contributing to the protective barrier function of the skin. These esters are involved in maintaining the integrity of the stratum corneum structure, enhancing transdermal drug delivery, and acting as antioxidants against reactive oxygen species generated by environmental factors like solar radiation. Studies have shown that cholesteryl esters, particularly those derived from unsaturated fatty acids, can improve skin permeability without compromising the epidermal barrier. Additionally, cholesteryl esters have been identified as key components in the lipids coating the body cuticle of certain tick species, where they serve as sex pheromones, highlighting their diverse roles in skin biology and beyond.
How to harden cooking oil?
5 answers
To harden cooking oil, various methods can be employed based on the desired properties. One approach involves hydrogenation using a nickel catalyst, which widens the plasticity range of the oil. Another method includes formulating a mixture of hardened oil and liquid oil in specific ratios and subjecting it to an ester interchange reaction with a 1,3-specific lipase to modify the hardened oil, enhancing its crystallizability and spreadability. Additionally, utilizing a production method with a nickel catalyst at specific reaction temperatures can produce hardened oil with reduced trans acid content, which is considered unfavorable for health. Furthermore, conducting selective and complete hardening reactions of fats and oils in supercritical CO2 with supported precious metal fixed bed catalysts can yield desirable results, such as decreased formation of undesirable products like trans fatty acids.
Does ROS causes benefit for skeletal muscle through mTORC1?
5 answers
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in skeletal muscle through mTORC1 signaling. ROS generated during physical exercise induce beneficial effects by activating mTORC1, promoting muscle adaptations like increased glucose uptake and hypertrophy. Conversely, excessive ROS levels can lead to oxidative stress, disrupting muscle integrity and function. Studies show that ATM activates TSC2 via LKB1 and AMPK in response to ROS, leading to mTORC1 suppression and induction of autophagy, a process crucial for cellular survival. Inhibition of mTORC1 by ROS-induced ATM signaling can be rescued by rapamycin, highlighting the intricate balance between ROS, mTORC1, and autophagy in skeletal muscle physiology. Therefore, ROS can indeed confer benefits to skeletal muscle through mTORC1 signaling, but the levels must be tightly regulated to prevent detrimental effects.