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Proceedings ArticleDOI
Bing Wang, Dundar F. Kocaoglu, Jiting Yang 
25 Sep 2009
6 Citations
The results indicate that renewable energy, coal, nuclear energy, natural gas and petroleum are ranked in that order.
This means that the socioeconomically underdeveloped Midwest has more abundant renewable resources.
Third, we show that the array of renewable energy resources within a given state positively influences the responsiveness to state and national wind policies.
If the sustainability and constraints about renewable energy sources would be managed efficiently, Myanmar could meet the future energy requirements for sustainable development of the country.
Given the federal and state policy initiatives to curb fossil fuel consumption and expand the use of renewable energy sources in the U. S., this study investigates the convergence properties of per capita renewable energy consumption across U. S. states (including the District of Columbia).
This paper studies the development of renewable energy (RE) in the U. S. by examining the capacity to generate electricity from renewable sources.
To address these questions this article examines renewable energy policy instrument adoption by U. S. states and argues that states adopt instruments of different types based on their state-level economic, political, institutional, and cultural characteristics.
U. S. states have led the federal government in instituting policies aimed at promoting renewable energy.
This paper examines the relationship between renewable energy production and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) using U. S. state-level data for 2010.
We argue that trans-regional administrative barriers are preventing the effective utilization of renewable energy nationwide.

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Can tunicates be used as a sustainable source of food or biofuels?
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Tunicates can indeed serve as a sustainable source of both food and biofuels. Tunicates, such as Ciona intestinalis, offer a cellulose-rich biomass that can be utilized for biofuel production. Additionally, tunicates are considered a potential feedstock for biofuel production due to their renewable nature. Furthermore, tunicates have been found in the stomach contents of cetaceans, indicating their role in marine food webs. The symbiotic relationship between tunicates and microbial groups also highlights their potential as a source of marine natural products with various biological activities. Overall, tunicates present a promising avenue for sustainable food production through fish feed and biofuels, showcasing their versatility and ecological benefits.
What is the current status of Laqshya in Rajasthan?
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The LaQshya program, a National Quality Assurance Initiative, has shown significant improvement in Rajasthan. The Institute of Social Obstetrics at Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital in Rajasthan saw a remarkable enhancement in quality from 40% to 93% after implementing LaQshya, earning them a prestigious platinum badge. Meanwhile, Rajasthan is also making strides in solar energy utilization, with the state possessing the world's largest solar park, Bhadla Solar Park, and having a total installed solar power capacity of 5.3 GW out of the state's total installed power capacity of 22.15 GW. Additionally, the health status of tribal populations in Rajasthan, like the Shariya tribe, is influenced by various factors including social, economic, and political ones, impacting their health-seeking behaviors.
How global energy transition influence urban development?
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Global energy transition significantly impacts urban development by necessitating shifts towards sustainable energy systems. As cities consume a substantial portion of energy and produce high CO2 emissions, the transition to clean energy sources becomes imperative for sustainable urban growth. Urban energy systems influence environmental, economic, and social dimensions, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies that integrate renewable resources and enhance energy efficiency. Energy data plays a crucial role in decision-making for urban planning, supporting the development of energy mapping tools that aid in policy formulation and citizen engagement. By embracing renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, and leveraging innovative technologies, cities can mitigate environmental impacts, enhance resilience, and foster sustainable urban development in alignment with global energy transitions.
How does wars in the middle east affect global economy?
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Wars in the Middle East can significantly impact the global economy. The repercussions of conflicts like the war in Ukraine can lead to increased energy and commodity prices, threatening food security worldwide. Such conflicts can also influence the economic growth of regions like the Arab countries, with projections showing a potential loss of billions of dollars in GDP if conflicts persist. Additionally, the economic consequences of war may prompt shifts in energy policies, potentially delaying climate initiatives and promoting investments in nuclear energy due to unresolved issues like nuclear waste storage. Furthermore, the cyclical dynamics of the global economy can be affected by wars, leading to phases of expansion, war, stagnation, and revival, impacting the overall development of the world economy.
What are the potential benefits of social capital in promoting energy justice and Ostrom's principles?
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Social capital plays a crucial role in promoting energy justice and implementing Ostrom's principles. It facilitates trust, loyalty, and cooperation among stakeholders in the energy sector, enhancing productivity, efficiency, and profitability. Additionally, social capital aids in self-organizing the management of common-pool resources, leading to more effective decision-making and improved outcomes in collective action situations. By fostering fairness and justice in energy trading and allocation processes, social capital contributes to a more equitable distribution of benefits from shared renewable energy systems in multi-unit buildings. However, while social capital is instrumental, it is noted that social considerations of energy justice cannot be fully addressed through legal provisions alone, such as Article 194(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
What is the current cost of green hydrogen production using photovoltaic electrolysis AEM?
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The current cost of green hydrogen production using photovoltaic electrolysis with an anion exchange membrane (AEM) is a key focus in the transition towards low-carbon economies. Research indicates that to make green hydrogen competitive with fossil fuel production, efforts are being made to reduce the cost below 1.5 € kg−1 H2. Studies emphasize the importance of evaluating the carbon footprint and economic indicators of green hydrogen plants utilizing AEM electrolyzers, highlighting the need for external subsidies to make the technology cost-effective. Additionally, simulations show that the optimal electrolyzer size for a photovoltaic system in Baghdad is around 8 kW, producing hydrogen at a cost ranging from USD 5.39/kg to USD 3.23/kg. Furthermore, combining photovoltaics with concentrated solar power (CSP) for hydrogen production can lead to lower levelized costs of hydrogen, with minimum costs projected to reach 4.04 USD/kg.
How does reinforcement learning perform in set50 compared to other reinforcement learning algorithms?
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Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms exhibit varying performances in different settings. In the context of set50, RL algorithms have shown promising results. For instance, in the study by Brida V. Mbuwir et al., fitted Q-iteration outperformed other RL algorithms, naive, and rule-based controls in terms of PV self-consumption and net electricity cost. Additionally, Majid Majidi et al. proposed a novel learning-based energy matching solution that significantly outperformed standard online matching heuristics, enhancing social welfare in dynamic matching markets. These findings highlight the effectiveness of RL algorithms in optimizing tasks such as energy management and control systems, showcasing their potential for improving efficiency and performance in various applications.
What methodologies can be used for evaluating household appliances labeling policies?
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Various methodologies can be employed to evaluate household appliances labeling policies. One approach involves developing a methodology to assess the representativeness of standards, focusing on real-life conditions experienced by consumers. Additionally, contribution analysis can be utilized to evaluate the national impact of different product policy measures, such as Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and mandatory energy labeling, on the market for various appliances. Furthermore, a program theory approach can be applied to analyze the effectiveness of labeling programs, understand their functioning, and identify success and failure factors. Bottom-up modeling is another valuable methodology for evaluating the long-term energy saving potentials of Ecodesign and labeling directives for residential appliances, lighting, and air conditioning, considering different technological development paths and consumer behaviors.
How much energy does the haber bosch consume?
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The Haber-Bosch process, responsible for producing ammonia, consumes a significant amount of energy. It accounts for 1% of the world's total energy production. The process involves the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen molecules to form ammonia, with hydrogen being produced via methane steam reforming. Green ammonia production, as an alternative, is being explored to reduce the energy and carbon-intensive nature of the traditional process. The transition to sustainable ammonia synthesis, driven by renewable energy sources, aims to reach cost parity with the traditional process, with key thresholds identified for economic and environmental viability. By utilizing renewable energy sources and optimizing processes, the energy consumption of the Haber-Bosch process can be significantly reduced, making sustainable ammonia synthesis a promising avenue for the future.
How does the choice of Indirect Vector affect the performance and efficiency of a DFIG system?
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The choice of Indirect Vector control method significantly impacts the performance and efficiency of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) system. By utilizing both Direct and Indirect Vector control methods, the active and reactive power generated by the stator can be controlled independently. The vector control model, a classic method for controlling DFIG, offers higher steady-state performance, enhancing the system's efficiency. Additionally, the implementation of DFIG equipped with vector control in a wind-solar hybrid system has been shown to be effective in enhancing power generation performance and system stability, as analyzed through simulations in MATLAB and Typhoon HIL platform. The study on a modified power system with a DFIG wind farm suggests that the DFIG's location relative to the system's load has minimal influence on overall stability and efficiency, but specific generator units may be more sensitive to instability based on perturbations and DFIG location.
How do powerplants impact the environment and ecosystem?
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Power plants, including thermal, coal-fired, and hydropower plants, significantly impact the environment and ecosystems. Thermal power plants contribute to environmental pollution by releasing heavy metals, radiation, and warm water into reservoirs, disrupting ecosystems and endangering human health. Coal-fired plants emit sulfur and nitrogen oxides, leading to acid rain, while also releasing hazardous mercury and large quantities of carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change. Additionally, coal combustion in power plants emits gaseous pollutants like sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter, affecting air quality and public health. On the other hand, hydropower plants, although cleaner, still have environmental impacts, with differences between alpine and nonalpine plants in terms of global warming effects and other indicators. Overall, power plants pose various environmental challenges, emphasizing the importance of sustainable energy generation practices.