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Who was responsible for a massive doping program that targeted girls and women but resulted in 90 percent of the athletes experiencing serious health issues? 

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Since modern-day doping is strongly related to hormonal preparations, endocrinologists may play a pivotal role in providing information, protecting athletes' health and, moreover, retaining the ethical value of sport.
The study findings provide valuable information towards a comprehensive understanding of the role athletes’ entourage can play in shaping athletes’ attitudes and decision for doping.
In light of this finding, the article calls for the empowerment of athletes in anti-doping work.
This article argues that doping is an ethical issue that should also consider athletes and non-athletes who are affected by the implications of anti-doping attitudes and bans.
The choice model also indicates elite athletes’ projections about doping considerations were rational in character.
Incorporating a novel mode of knowledge production within the doping literature, the stories presented here demonstrate elite athletes' candid accounts of being impacted by others’ doping behaviours in sport.
Yet this article will show that concerns about doping, which first emerged in the sport of horse racing, was indeed about fair play, but not fair play for the athletes.
Our results reveal that numerous circumstances affect athletes’ thoughts on doping and athletes of different gender, age and sport type reacted differently to a variety of circumstances that may potentially deter or trigger doping.

Related Questions

Doping in sports5 answersDoping in sports is a serious concern due to its potential for unfair advantage and negative health effects. Anti-doping agencies, such as the World Anti-Doping Agency, aim to protect athletes and maintain fair competition by prohibiting the use of certain substances and methods. The concept of a "dopogenic environment" recognizes the various influences that promote anti-doping rule violations, highlighting the need to address individual, social, and environmental factors. Doping is forbidden for ethical and medical reasons, as it can have detrimental effects on both athletes' health and the image of sport. Incentives to use doping substances are particularly strong in sports with measurable results, but measures such as penalties and bans are in place to deter doping. Doping has a long history, but its prevalence in modern sports raises concerns for fair competition and athlete well-being.
What is the prevalence of doping?4 answersThe prevalence of doping in competitive sport varies depending on the study and the population being examined. Estimates range from as low as 0% to as high as 73% for doping behavior, with most falling under 5%. In Dutch elite athletes, the estimated prevalence of doping use in the last 12 months was 12.5%. Another study focusing on track and field athletes found an overall blood doping prevalence of 18% in 2011 and 15% in 2013. A review of various methods used to estimate doping prevalence suggests that the true prevalence of intentional doping in elite sports may be between 14% and 39%. However, the prevalence of doping can vary greatly depending on the definition used and the specific population being studied.
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