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Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Francisco Arvelo, Felipe Sojo, Carlos Cotte 
63 Citations
It also suggests that the metastatic niche can be an ideal target for new treatments that make controlling metastasis possible.
Surgery itself as well as the surgical stress could also make easier metastasis spread owing to antitumor immune mechanisms disturbance.
We conclude that spontaneous metastasis may be clonal because they are rare events, thereby supporting the rare-cell clonal origin of metastasis hypothesis.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2017-Molecular Oncology
58 Citations
Metastatic dormancy may explain why metastasis occurs years or even decades after primary tumor resection.
Indeed, they have a unique phenotypic plasticity, allowing the acquisition of features that make them successful in all steps of metastasis.
These metastasis-prone genes support primary tumor growth through one particular effect, whereas they enhance distant metastasis through another effect.
Patients with synchronous metastases had a poorer prognosis than did the patients in the other two groups. Surgical treatments for patients with pulmonary metastasis alone or metachronous metastasis can provide a beneficial outcome.
Solitary bone metastasis must be diagnosed early since they may be radically removed.

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What are the names of each step of metastasis?4 answersMetastasis, the complex process of cancer spread, involves several distinct steps. These steps include local invasion of tumor cells, intravasation into the vasculature, survival in circulation as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extravasation into secondary organs, and colonization leading to metastatic outgrowth. The process also encompasses interactions with stromal cells, adaptation to new environments, evasion of immune responses, and establishment of a metastatic niche. Different types of cell movements, such as collective, mesenchymal, and amoeboid migration, play crucial roles in metastasis. Additionally, factors like epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), genetic changes facilitating migration, and establishment of a vascular network within secondary sites are essential components of the metastatic cascade. Understanding and targeting these steps are crucial for developing effective anti-metastatic strategies.
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