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The results suggest an important role for copper prices; for instance, an upswing at the time of discovery can hasten the development of the mine by two to three years in low-income countries.
However, a high dependence on imported copper ores, refined copper, or copper scrap can pose great risks to the sustainable copper resource supply and economic development of one country.
The results show that, although the fundamentals are relevant in all the periods analyzed, liquidity and other macroeconomic variables are also necessary in order to understand the level of copper prices and their fluctuations.
The U. S. is more dependent on import of refined copper, except during the period in which a tight global copper market disrupted the leading copper-producing country.
The possible scarcity of copper (and the likely resulting pressure on prices) is an issue of concern, especially in the light of its importance for the ever growing networking industry.
Misreported copper into tailing dramatically declines copper recovery.
The results indicate that path dependence and relative prices—especially in the long run—are both important factors influencing the copper–aluminum substitution process.
A detailed analysis of the demand for copper in 32 nations shows that there does not appear to be any simple explanation as to why some nations have had unusually high rates of copper use, whereas other nations have had unusually low consumption.
The change of copper consumption during 2016–2031 has little effect on the amount of scrap generation in 2031.
The paper concludes that the behaviour of copper prices during the 1945–1975 period arose from the particular circumstances of the time and offers very little guidance, if any, to likely future trends.
Book ChapterDOI
Caisa Samuelsson, Bo Björkman 
01 Jan 2014
17 Citations
Although there are good recycling rates for copper, some challenges can be foreseen such as a scarcity of pure and high-grade scrap and an increased amount of products containing a mixture of materials and with low copper concentrations.
The results show that the amount of generated copper scrap has been increasing from 1990 and reached 3.67 Tg in 2016, with 34.4% from the home appliances sector (mainly air-conditioning) and 26.6% from the power infrastructure sector.
Even in the absence of further technological progress, this would restrict the potential rise in copper prices.
All these results showed that the U. S chose importing refined copper to satisfy the demand rather than recycling old scrap.
The results identify two cycles of copper prices and price forecasts in the short term.
Open accessJournal ArticleDOI
Xinkai Fu, Stian M. Ueland, Elsa Olivetti 
30 Citations
We find that both industrial activity and world GDP correlate with total scrap supply, with limited dependence on copper price.

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