40-bit encryption

About: 40-bit encryption is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5434 publications have been published within this topic receiving 149016 citations.

Image Encryption and Decryption Using SCAN Methodology

Abstract: This paper proposed an image encryption and decryption process. Its encryption method is based on SCAN patterns generated by the SCAN methodology. The SCAN is a language-based two-dimensional spatial-accessing methodology which can efficiently specify and generate a wide range of scanning paths. Then scanning paths sequence fill in original image. Note that the scanning paths with random code generating procedure, which produces the encryption keys in a very many ways; so come to the quite secret system. This paper presents a brief overview of SCAN, encryption and decryption algorithms, and test results of the methodology.

Contributory Broadcast Encryption with Efficient Encryption and Short Ciphertexts

Abstract: Broadcast encryption (BE) schemes allow a sender to securely broadcast to any subset of members but require a trusted party to distribute decryption keys. Group key agreement (GKA) protocols enable a group of members to negotiate a common encryption key via open networks so that only the group members can decrypt the ciphertexts encrypted under the shared encryption key, but a sender cannot exclude any particular member from decrypting the ciphertexts. In this paper, we bridge these two notions with a hybrid primitive referred to as contributory broadcast encryption (ConBE). In this new primitive, a group of members negotiate a common public encryption key while each member holds a decryption key. A sender seeing the public group encryption key can limit the decryption to a subset of members of his choice. Following this model, we propose a ConBE scheme with short ciphertexts. The scheme is proven to be fully collusion-resistant under the decision $n$ -Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponentiation (BDHE) assumption in the standard model. Of independent interest, we present a new BE scheme that is aggregatable. The aggregatability property is shown to be useful to construct advanced protocols.

Encoding-Free elgamal encryption without random oracles

Abstract: ElGamal encryption is the most extensively used alternative to RSA. Easily adaptable to many kinds of cryptographic groups, ElGamal encryption enjoys homomorphic properties while remaining semantically secure providing that the DDH assumption holds on the chosen group. Its practical use, unfortunately, is intricate: plaintexts have to be encoded into group elements before encryption, thereby requiring awkward and ad hoc conversions which strongly limit the number of plaintext bits or may partially destroy homomorphicity. Getting rid of the group encoding (e.g., with a hash function) is known to ruin the standard model security of the system. This paper introduces a new alternative to group encodings and hash functions which remains fully compatible with standard model security properties. Partially homomorphic in customizable ways, our encryptions are comparable to plain ElGamal in efficiency, and boost the encryption ratio from about 13 for classical parameters to the optimal value of 2.

A Secure Reconfigurable Crypto IC With Countermeasures Against SPA, DPA, and EMA

Abstract: A secure reconfigurable cryptographic co-processor supporting multiple algorithms of advanced encryption standard (AES), data encryption standard (DES), rivest cipher 6, and international data encryption algorithm is proposed using its own reconfigurable feature to resist side-channel attack (SCA). It is integrated into a system-on-chip and fabricated in $0.18~\boldsymbol {\mu }\text{m}$ CMOS process with 1.8 V supply voltage and 100 MHz max frequency. Several kinds of specific countermeasures are proposed to hide leakage information by utilizing idle reconfigurable processing elements to do dummy operations. Its advantages lie in its little impact on area and frequency as well as high flexibility after silicon that countermeasures can also be reconfigured. Furthermore, different protections including several kinds of global countermeasures and encryption flow related countermeasures can be stacked, thus the security level can be tuned by trading for some performance or power consumption. Experimental SCA attack results show that it resists simple power analysis and differential power analysis without revealing the subkey. For correlation-based electromagnetic analysis (EMA) of DES configuration, it increases $36\boldsymbol {\times } $ measure to disclosure when applied with partial countermeasures compared to unprotected DES. As to AES configuration with full countermeasures, it resists EMA with no sign to reveal the right subkey for up to 1.2 million electromagnetic traces.