Abductive reasoning

About: Abductive reasoning is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1917 publications have been published within this topic receiving 44645 citations. The topic is also known as: abduction & abductive inference.

Cognitive-Model-Based Interpretation of Emotions in a Multi-modal Dialog System

Abstract: The paper presents the cognitive-model-based approach of abductive interpretation of emotions that it is used in the multi-modal dialog system SmartKom. The approach is based on the OCC model of emotions, that explains emotions by matches or mismatches of the attitudes of an agent with the state of affairs in the relevant situation. It is explained how eliciting conditions, i.e. abstract schemata for the explanation of emotions, can be instantiated with general or abstract concepts for attitudes and actions, and further enhanced with conditions and operators for generating reactions, which allow for abductive inference of explanations of emotional states and determination of reactions. During this process concepts that are initially abstract are made concrete. Emotions may work as a self-contained dialog move. They show a complex relation to explicit communication. Additionally we present our approach of analyzing indicators of emotions and user state, that come from different sources.

Statistical reasoning: a foundation for semantic web reasoning

Abstract: There has been considerable debate as to the merits and the applicability of probabilistic or statistical reasoning to Semantic Web. Much of this debate seems to have centered on the applicability of statistical methods in a supposedly deterministic setting. In this paper, we argue that statistical reasoning ("reasoning with uncertainty") need not be a substitute for traditional Description Logic (DL) / First-Order Logic (FOL) reasoning, instead statistical methods can serve as a complement to logicbased reasoning systems in two ways: (i) Offer a meta-reasoning (or audit) mechanism to validate logical reasoning, and (ii) Act as a "filler" where Ontological information either does not exist, or is insufficient to reason conclusively.

Intersemiotic Translation as an Abductive Cognitive Artifact

Abstract: Intersemiotic translation (IT) can be described as a cognitive artifact, designed to distribute artistic creativity. Cognitive artifacts are part of material and cultural niches of human cognition. They have different forms and can be used in many different activities. Their varied morphology includes “material and mental” structures (Norman 1993), “designed for and opportunistic” entities (Hutchins 1999), and “transparent and opaque” processes (Clark 2004). For several authors, cognition is full of cognitive artifacts; even more radically, cognition is a network of artifacts. For many artists, intersemiotic translation is one of these tools. But what is its ontological nature? And how does intersemiotic translation work? As an augmented intelligence technique, intersemiotic translation works as a generative model, providing new, unexpected, surprising data in the target system and affording competing results that allow the system to generate candidate instances. To describe this process, we introduce a model of intersemiotic translation based on Peirce’s mature semeiotic. At the end of the chapter, we speculate about the role that abductive inference can have in the process of generating new ideas in an artistic domain. What we have done here must be considered a preliminary tentative model of intersemiotic translation as a cognitive artifact to externalize creativity.

Natural properties of abductive hypotheses in three-valued logic

Abstract: This paper shows some interesting properties of Kleene’s threevalued logic in relation to abductive reasoning. A semantical characterization of abductive explanations is proposed, based on the notion of minimal three-valued model. This establishes a relation between the minimization problem in abductive reasoning and three-valued semantics, in the same sense as non-monotonic reasoning deals with minimization in two-valued semantics.

A Logical Treatment of Scientific Anomalies or Artificial Intelligence Meets Philosophy of Science.

Abstract: A logical formalization to the process of theory revision when it is confronted by a scientific anomaly is presented. By “scientific anomaly” we mean an observed fact falling into the explanatory scope of a theory that cannot be explained by the theory and the accepted auxiliary hypotheses. As a first approach to restore the theory’s explicative power, some tentative auxiliary hypotheses are proposed to replace the old ones. In order to capture this refutable character of auxiliary hypotheses we brought into play a nonmonotonic inferential mechanism. Also, since the several tentative auxiliary hypotheses are mutually exclusive and may produce conflicts, we took a paraconsistent inferential relation as the monotonic basis of our system. By representing laws and auxiliary hypotheses through this nonmonotonic and paraconsistent logic we are able to provide an inferential machinery in which the effects of both occurrence and solution of anomalies upon a theory can be represented. *