Topic
Abductive reasoning
About: Abductive reasoning is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1917 publications have been published within this topic receiving 44645 citations. The topic is also known as: abduction & abductive inference.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that minor methodological changes within an unreformed epistemology will be as unhelpful as emotive exaggerations of the ill effects of null hypothesis significance testing.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to propose possible solutions to the methodological problem of null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), which is framed as deeply embedded in the institutional structure of the social and organizational sciences. The core argument is that, for the deinstitutionalization of statistical significance tests, minor methodological changes within an unreformed epistemology will be as unhelpful as emotive exaggerations of the ill effects of NHST. Instead, several institutional-epistemological reforms affecting cultural-cognitive, normative, and regulative processes and structures in the social sciences are necessary and proposed in this article. In the conclusion, the suggested research reforms, ranging from greater emphasis on inductive and abductive reasoning to statistical modeling and Bayesian epistemology, are classified according to their practical importance and the time horizon expected for their implementation. Individual-level change in researchers' use of NHST is unli...
51 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the process of abduction is a useful tool for how management scholars can better develop new explanatory hypotheses and theories by using contrastive reasoning and by recognizing different triggers of abduction.
50 citations
TL;DR: It will be illustrated that through abduction, knowledge can be enhanced, even when abduction is not considered an inference to the best explanation in the classical sense of the expression, that is an inference necessarily characterized by an empirical evaluation phase, or an inductive phase, as Peirce called it.
49 citations
TL;DR: This is an overview of the contributions of digital technologies, both artificial intelligence and non-AI smart tools, to both the legal professions and the police.
Abstract: `AI & Law' research has been around since the 1970s, even though with shifting emphasis. This is an overview of the contributions of digital technologies, both artificial intelligence and non-AI smart tools, to both the legal professions and the police. For example, we briefly consider text mining and case-automated summarization, tools supporting argumentation, tools concerning sentencing based on the technique of case-based reasoning, the role of abductive reasoning, research into applying AI to legal evidence, tools for fighting crime and tools for identification.
49 citations
TL;DR: This paper presents an architecture for diagnostic problem solving based on the use of a pathophysiological model in which both causal and temporal relations are explicitly represented and shows that in such an extended framework diagnostic problems can be solved correctly only by means of a strict co-operation between abductive and temporal reasoning.
48 citations