Topic
Abductive reasoning
About: Abductive reasoning is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1917 publications have been published within this topic receiving 44645 citations. The topic is also known as: abduction & abductive inference.
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TL;DR: The literature on the neural basis of deductive reasoning from the past decade is reviewed and several interesting patterns are identified and articulate their implications for cognitive theories of reasoning.
274 citations
07 Jun 1988
TL;DR: An approach to abductive inference developed in the TACITUS project has resulted in a dramatic simplification of how the problem of interpreting texts is conceptualized and suggests an elegant and thorough integration of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
Abstract: An approach to abductive inference developed in the TACITUS project has resulted in a dramatic simplification of how the problem of interpreting texts is conceptualized. Its use in solving the local pragmatics problems of reference, compound nominals, syntactic ambiguity, and metonymy is described and illustrated. It also suggests an elegant and thorough integration of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
267 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The author explains how Abduction as Epistemic Change and Semantic Tableaux Revisited changed the way that the authors think about human interaction with the world around us.
Abstract: Foreword. Part I: Conceptual Framework. 1. LOGICS OF GENERATION AND EVALUATION. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Heuristics: A Legacy of the Greeks. 1.3 Is there a Logic of Discovery? 1.4 Karl Popper and Herbert Simon. 1.5 Logics for Scientific Methodology. 1.6 Discussion and Conclusions. 2. WHAT IS ABDUCTION? 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 What is Abduction? 2.3 The Founding Father: C.S. Peirce. 2.4 Philosophy of Science. 2.5 Artificial Intelligence. 2.6 Further Fields of Application. 2.7 A Taxonomy for Abduction. Part II: Logical Foundations. 3. ABDUCTION AS LOGICAL INFERENCE. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Logic: The Problem of Demarcation. 3.3 Abductive Explanatory Argument: A Logical Inference. 3.4 Abductive Explanatory Inference: Structural Characterization. 3.5 Discussion and Conclusions. 4. ABDUCTION AS COMPUTATION. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Semantic Tableaux. 4.3 Abductive Semantic Tableaux. 4.4 Computing Abductions with Tableaux. 4.5 Further Logical and Computational Issues. 4.6 Discussion and Conclusions. Part III: Applications. 5. SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Scientific Explanation as Abduction. 5.3 Discussion and Conclusions. 6. EMPIRICAL PROGRESS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Kuipers' Empirical Progress. 6.3 Empirical Progress in (Abductive) Semantic Tableaux. 6.4 Discussion and Conclusions. 7. ABDUCTION AND PRAGMATISM IN PEIRCE. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Abduction and Epistemology. 7.3 Abduction and Pragmatism. 7.4 Discussion and Conclusions. 8. EPISTEMIC CHANGE. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Abduction as Epistemic Change. 8.3 Semantic Tableaux Revisited. 8.4 Discussion and Conclusions. References. Author Index. Topic Index.
236 citations
01 May 1989
TL;DR: This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of the authors' assumptions, and proposes an architecture to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework.
Abstract: Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.
230 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the literature on the conceptual leap that generates abstract theoretical ideas from empirical data and suggested that conceptual leaping is best portrayed as a form of bricolage, drawing resources from the different poles of four dialectics: deliberation and serendipity, engagement and detachment, knowing and not knowing, and between self-expression and social connection.
Abstract: This paper reviews the literature on an important but mysterious phenomenon in qualitative research methodology: the conceptual leap that generates abstract theoretical ideas from empirical data. Drawing on epistemological, prescriptive and reflexive writings, conceptual leaps are described as constituted by both ‘seeing’ and ‘articulating’, as grounded in abductive reasoning, and as part of an ongoing dialectical process. Methods for approaching conceptual leaps and the conditions for their realization are discussed in the context of four dialectic tensions: between deliberation and serendipity, between engagement and detachment, between knowing and not knowing, and between self-expression and social connection. The literature review suggests that conceptual leaping is best portrayed as a form of bricolage, drawing resources from the different poles of the four dialectics. Moreover, written and verbal communication play important roles in enabling synthesis. The paper concludes by calling for greater openness and legitimacy for reflexive accounts, as well as further research into the process of discovery in qualitative research.
227 citations