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Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

About: Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 76674 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1381221 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the Doppler-broadened absorption of a weak monochromatic probe beam in a thermal rubidium vapour cell on the D lines.
Abstract: We study the Doppler-broadened absorption of a weak monochromatic probe beam in a thermal rubidium vapour cell on the D lines. A detailed model of the susceptibility is developed which takes into account the absolute linestrengths of the allowed electric dipole transitions and the motion of the atoms parallel to the probe beam. All transitions from both hyperfine levels of the ground term of both isotopes are incorporated. The absorption and refractive index as a function of frequency are expressed in terms of the complementary error function. The absolute absorption profiles are compared with experiment, and are found to be in excellent agreement provided a sufficiently weak probe beam with an intensity under one thousandth of the saturation intensity is used. The importance of hyperfine pumping for open transitions is discussed in the context of achieving the weak-probe limit. Theory and experiment show excellent agreement, with an rms error better than 0.2% for the D2 line at 16.5 degrees C.

224 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the absorption coefficient per unit mass of cosmic dust analog grains, crystalline fayalite and forsterite, amorphous faysalite, and two kinds of disordered carbon grains, between 20 μm and 2 mm over the temperature range 295-24 K.
Abstract: We have measured the absorption coefficient per unit mass of cosmic dust analog grains, crystalline fayalite and forsterite, amorphous fayalite, and two kinds of disordered carbon grains, between 20 μm and 2 mm over the temperature range 295-24 K. The results provide evidence of a significant dependence on temperature. The opacity systematically decreases with decreasing temperature; at 1 mm, it varies by a factor of between 1.9 and 5.8, depending on the material, from room temperature to 24 K. The variations are more marked for the amorphous grains. The wavelength dependence of the absorption coefficient is well fitted by a power law with exponent β that varies with temperature. For the two amorphous carbons, β(24 K) ~1.2 with increases of 24% and 50% with respect to the room-temperature values. A 50% increase is found for amorphous fayalite, characterized by β(24 K) = 2. A less pronounced change of β with temperature, 14% and 10%, is observed for crystalline forsterite, β(24 K) = 2.2, and fayalite, β(24 K) = 2.3, respectively. For amorphous fayalite grains, the millimeter opacity at 24 K is larger by a factor of ~4 than that of the crystalline counterpart. In addition, a temperature dependence of the infrared bands present in the spectrum of the two crystalline silicates is found. The features become more intense, sharpen, and shift to slightly higher frequencies with decreasing temperature. The results are discussed in terms of intrinsic far-infrared-millimeter absorption mechanisms. The linear dependence of the millimeter absorption on temperature suggests that two-phonon difference processes play a dominant role. The absorption coefficients reported in this work can be useful in obtaining a more realistic simulation of a variety of astronomical data concerning dust at low temperatures and give hints to better identify its actual properties. In particular, they are used to discuss the origin of the diffuse far-infrared-millimeter interstellar dust emission spectrum. It is proposed that composite particles formed of silicate and amorphous carbon grains can reproduce the observations. The presence of these particles in the diffuse medium is consistent with the recent interstellar extinction model by Mathis.

224 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a volumetric radiative loss measurement was made on an argon plasma, correlated with temperature in the range of 10 000 to 26 000°K, and the results were made on the 6965 Ar I line yielding lineshifts, halfwidths, absorption and emission coefficients.
Abstract: Volumetric radiative loss measurements, correlated with temperature in the range of 10 000 to 26 000°K, have been made on an argon plasma. Pressures of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 atm have been used. The 1.0‐atm measurements have been corrected for both absorption and ultraviolet emission and the results agree with those of Emmons in the common temperature range. The 6965 Ar I line has also been studied yielding lineshifts, halfwidths, absorption and emission coefficients. The line shift and halfwidth results are below theoretical predictions. Transition probabilities determined from both emission and absorption studies are found to be in reasonable agreement.

224 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a series of observations designed to probe the nature of sunspots by detecting their influence on high-degree p-mode oscillations in the surrounding photosphere is presented.
Abstract: The paper presents the initial results of a series of observations designed to probe the nature of sunspots by detecting their influence on high-degree p-mode oscillations in the surrounding photosphere. The analysis decomposes the observed oscillations into radially propagating waves described by Hankel functions in a cylindrical coordinate system centered on the sunspot. From measurements of the differences in power between waves traveling outward and inward, it is demonstrated that sunspots appear to absorb as much as 50 percent of the incoming acoustic waves. It is found that for all three sunspots observed, the amount of absorption increases linearly with horizontal wavenumber. The effect is present in p-mode oscillations with wavelengths both significantly larger and smaller than the diameter of the sunspot umbrae. Actual absorption of acoustic energy of the magnitude observed may produce measurable decreases in the power and lifetimes of high-degree p-mode oscillations during periods of high solar activity.

224 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The strong nonlinear absorption and temperature-independent chromaticity of CsPbBr3 QDs observed in temperature range from 220 to 380 K will offer new opportunities in nonlinear photonics, light-harvesting, and light-emitting devices.
Abstract: Recently, lead halide perovskite quantum dots have been reported with potential for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications due to their excellent luminescent properties. Herein excitonic photoluminescence (PL) excited by two-photon absorption in perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) has been studied at a broad temperature range, from 80 to 380 K. Two-photon absorption has been investigated and the absorption coefficient is up to 0.085 cm/GW at room temperature. Moreover, the PL spectrum excited by two-photon absorption shows a linear blue-shift (0.32 meV/K) below the temperature of 220 K. However, for higher temperatures, the PL peak approaches a roughly constant value and shows temperature-independent chromaticity up to 380 K. This behavior is distinct from the general red-shift for semiconductors and can be attributed to the result of thermal expansion, electron–phonon interaction and structural phase transition around 360 K. The strong nonlinear absorption and temperature-independent chromaticity of CsPbBr3 QDs observed in temperature range from 220 to 380 K will offer new opportunities in nonlinear photonics, light-harvesting, and light-emitting devices.

223 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2022185
20213,106
20202,866
20192,953
20182,876
20172,679