Acacetin

About: Acacetin is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 442 publications have been published within this topic receiving 10458 citations. The topic is also known as: 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone & Linarigenin.

Virtual screening analysis of natural flavonoids as trimethylamine (TMA)-lyase inhibitors for coronary heart disease.

Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is defined by atherosclerosis, which can result in stenosis or blockage of the arterial cavity, leading to ischemic cardiac diseases such as angina and myocardial infarction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the beginning and progression of CHD. The gut microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), is intimately linked to the pathophysiology of CHD. TMAO is formed when trimethylamine (TMA) is converted by flavin-containing monooxygenases in the hepatocytes. Therefore, inhibition of TMA production is essential to reduce TMAO levels. Flavonoids may reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. In this article, we reviewed and evaluated twenty-two flavonoids for the therapy of CHD based on their inhibition of TMA-lyase by molecular docking. Docking results revealed that baicalein, fisetin, acacetin, and myricetin in flavonoid aglycones, and baicalin, naringin, and hesperidin in flavonoid glycosides had a good binding effect with TMA-lyase. This indicates that these chemicals were the most active and could be used as lead compounds for structural modification in the future. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Flavonoids are a large class of polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, tea, and herbal medicines, which are inexorably metabolized and transformed into bioactive metabolites by α-rhamnosidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, and nitroreductase produced by the gut microbiota, which plays a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Because flavonoids protect the cardiovascular system and regulate the gut microbiota, and the gut microbiota is directly connected to TMAO, thus, reducing TMAO levels involves blocking the transition of TMA to TMAO, which may be performed by reducing TMA synthesis. Molecular docking results found that baicalein, fisetin, acacetin, and myricetin in flavonoid aglycones, and baicalin, naringin, and hesperidin in flavonoid glycosides had good binding effects on TMA-lyase, which were the most active and could be used as lead compounds for structural modification.

Characterization of the CYP3A4 Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Selected Flavonoids

Abstract: Acacetin, apigenin, chrysin, and pinocembrin are flavonoid aglycones found in foods such as parsley, honey, celery, and chamomile tea. Flavonoids can act as substrates and inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme, a heme containing enzyme responsible for the metabolism of one third of drugs on the market. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of selected flavonoids on the CYP3A4 enzyme, the kinetics of inhibition, the possible covalent binding of the inhibitor to the enzyme, and whether flavonoids can act as pseudo-irreversible inhibitors. For the determination of inhibition kinetics, nifedipine oxidation was used as a marker reaction. A hemochromopyridine test was used to assess the possible covalent binding to the heme, and incubation with dialysis was used in order to assess the reversibility of the inhibition. All the tested flavonoids inhibited the CYP3A4 enzyme activity. Chrysin was the most potent inhibitor: IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.6 µM, Ki = 2.4 ± 1.0 µM, kinact = 0.07 ± 0.01 min-1, kinact/Ki = 0.03 min-1 µM-1. Chrysin caused the highest reduction of heme (94.5 ± 0.5% residual concentration). None of the tested flavonoids showed pseudo-irreversible inhibition. Although the inactivation of the CYP3A4 enzyme is caused by interaction with heme, inhibitor-heme adducts could not be trapped. These results indicate that flavonoids have the potential to inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme and interact with other drugs and medications. However, possible food-drug interactions have to be assessed clinically.

Acacetin Protects Myocardial Cells against Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury through Activation of Autophagy.

Abstract: Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. We previously demonstrated that acacetin protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, although the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acacetin on autophagy during hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by exposing H9c2 myocardial cells to H/R with or without acacetin pretreatment during hypoxia. Our results show that acacetin significantly increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and suppressed protein apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells following H/R injury. In addition, lentiviral infection of H9c2 cardiomyocytes revealed that acacetin pretreatment significantly enhanced the fluorescence intensity of autophagy proteins Beclin 1, LC3-II, and p62. These results indicate that acacetin protected H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H/R damage by enhancing autophagy. Moreover, we found that application of acacetin increased activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, whereas cotreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reversed the inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy induced by acacetin. In conclusion, acacetin mitigated H/R injury by promoting autophagy through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Hplc analysis of phenolic compounds from artemisia species

Abstract: The aim of this study was the identification and quantification of biologically active compounds from three Artemisia species, used as remedies in Romanian traditional medicine. A new LC-MS method was developed for the analysis of methoxylated flavones and also the quantification of caffeic and chlorogenic acids was performed. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The paper reports for the first time the presence of eupatorin and hispidulin in A. absinthium and A. vulgaris , of eupatilin in A. annua and casticin in A. vulgaris . Jaceosidin and acacetin were not identified in any sample. Although all extracts showed antiradical scavenging activity, A. vulgaris exhibited the strongest antioxidant effect. Chlorogenic acid was found in high amounts in all species, notably in A. annua and A. vulgaris .

Chemical constituents from herb of Solanum lyratum

Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents of Solanum lyratum, And to explore the anti-tumor effect of some steroidal compounds from it. Method The chemical constituents were isolated and purified via silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography as well as recrystallization. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis and physicochemical properties. 3 of the steroidal compounds were tested for their in vitro inhibitory activities in Hep G2 cells. Result Tweleve compounds were isolated and identified as diosgenin (1), tigogenin (2), tigogenone (3), diosgenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuroniduronic acid methyl ester (4), 4-methyl-cholesta-7-ene-3beta-ol (5), acacetin 7-O-rutinoside (6), 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-methy-anthraquinone (7), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-anthracenedione (8), physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9), soya-cerebroside I (10), isovanillin (11), docosylferulate (12). Compounds 2-4 had no significant inhibition on Hep G2 cells low concentration. With the increased of the concentration, the growth inhibiting effect against the cells increased, too. Conclusion Compounds 2, 3, 5-12 were isolated from the plant for the first time. Compounds 2-4 had growth inhibiting effect against the Hep G2 cells.