Showing papers on "Accounting period published in 2014"
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider how to integrate financial transactions into the balance sheet and production accounts of a firm; i.e., the problem of indirect measured components of financial service outputs in the System of National Accounts (SNA), termed FISIM (Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured).
Abstract: The paper considers some of the problems associated with the indirectly measured components of financial service outputs in the System of National Accounts (SNA), termed FISIM (Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured). The paper considers how to integrate financial transactions into the balance sheet and production accounts of a firm; i.e., the paper looks at FISIM more broadly. In order to minimize the role of imputations, the paper considers a firm that raises capital at the beginning of the accounting period, engages in some form of productive activity during the period and then distributes the initial capital and any profits back to the capitalists who financed the firm.
12 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the relationship between annual and sub-annual inequality and mobility during the course of the year and showed that the mobility component of the decomposition, as measured by Gini correlation coefficients, changes over time.
Abstract: This paper studies the relationships between annual and subannual inequality and mobility during the course of the year. We apply an exact decomposition framework as outlined in Wodon and Yitzhaki (Econ Bull 4:1–8, 2003), and in Yitzhaki and Wodon (Research on Economic Inequality 12:179–199, 2004). Earnings records of pension insurants in Germany serve as the database. The long time horizon of our database allows us to investigate the stability and robustness of the parameters of the decomposition over time. Specifically, we show that the mobility component of the decomposition, as measured by Gini correlation coefficients, changes over the observation period. This makes it difficult to predict the impact of the income accounting period on inequality in a more general context. Thus, it is of paramount importance to use income data from a uniform accounting period in distributional analyses.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between in-equality and mobility was investigated over a long time horizon, and the mobility component of the decomposition, as measured by Gini correlation coefficients, changes over the observation period.
Abstract: This paper studies the relationships between annual and subannual in- equality and mobility during the course of the year. We apply an exact decomposition framework as outlined in Wodon and Yitzhaki (Econ Bull 4:1-8, 2003), and in Yitzhaki and Wodon (Research on Economic Inequality 12:179-199, 2004). Earnings records of pension insurants in Germany serve as the database. The long time horizon of our database allows us to investigate the stability and robustness of the parameters of the decomposition over time. Specifically, we show that the mobility component of the decomposition, as measured by Gini correlation coefficients, changes over the observation period. This makes it difficult to predict the impact of the income accounting period on inequality in a more general context. Thus, it is of paramount importance to use income data from a uniform accounting period in distributional analyses.
4 citations
Dissertation•
14 Mar 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the analysis of statements of account and financial statements is dealt with in the course of a Bachelor's thesis, where the theoretical part includes a description of the inventory, accounting statements such as balance sheet, profit and loss statement.
Abstract: Bachelor thesis is dealing with the analysis of statements of account and financial statements. The theoretical part includes a description of the inventory, accounting statements such as balance sheet, profit and loss statement. The practical part consists of analyzes that are calculated on the basis of documents of the financial statements of the previous accounting period. There are described accounting operations at the end of the financial year and accounting. At the conclusion of the thesis are possible solutions, measures and proposals for the firm. How to improve the future of the economic activities Company based on the results of financial analysis of the company.
1 citations
TL;DR: In a follow-up article as discussed by the authors, the same authors pointed out that the use of the common 100-year GWP accounting period in LCA is indeed arbitrary and that the value of our insights "is diminished by the failure to include a full consideration of the importance of the timeframe of the analysis".
Abstract: After becoming aware of a letter to the editor from Martin (2013), we realize there is a need for further elaboration of the baseline time accounting method laid out in Kloverpris and Mueller (2013). In the following, we addressMartin's comments. Martin states that our method “does not eliminate the need to choose a timeframe .” This is correct and inherent to any life cycle assessment (LCA) when it comes to the use of global warming potentials (GWPs). Later, Martin states that we assert that our “approach removes the need to consider arbitrary timeframes .” We are puzzled by this statement since Sect. 2.3 of our paper explicitly acknowledges that the use of the common 100-year GWP accounting period in LCA is indeed arbitrary. While we cannot avoid this circumstance, our method does eliminate the need to consider an arbitrary production period for biofuels (under the conditions described). We will later get back to the fundamental difference between the GWP accounting period and the assumed biofuels production period since the missing distinction between these two time perspectives appears to be the primary basis of Martin's critique. Martin states that the value of our insights “is diminished by the failure to include a full consideration of the importance of the timeframe of the analysis .” While we (and the three reviewers) did not find it relevant to include results other than GWP100 in our paper, the baseline time accounting concept is not restricted to this metric. To accommodate Martin, Table 1 shows results for GWP20 and (the more unusual) GWP30. As shown in the table, the applied GWP accounting period is certainly of significance for the type of indirect land use change (ILUC) called accelerated expansion. Meanwhile, the sensitivity to the choice of GWP accounting period is not unique as indicated by the GWPs for methane, also included in Table 1. For the type of ILUC called delayed reversion, the GWP accounting period is without significance. We acknowledge that this is due to the simplified assumption of constant carbon sequestration over the GWP accounting period. In reality, there will be some sensitivity to the choice of GWP accounting period for delayed reversion but not to the same extent as for accelerated expansion. For additional discussion, we refer to Sect. 4.1.2 in Electronic supplementary material 1 of Kloverpris and Mueller (2013), particularly. Martin states that “The baseline time accounting approach uses a 100-year timeframe ,” but, as mentioned above, there is no conceptual or methodological restriction on the chosen GWP accounting period. More correctly stated, baseline time accounting converts a time shift in land use emissions from a single batch of biofuels into an ILUC factor that is consistent with the GWP concept, and the results presented by Kloverpris and Mueller (2013) are based on a GWP accounting period of 100 years. The chosen GWP accounting period ensures consistency with the common global warming metric used for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since the ILUC factor is meant to be added to the GHG emissions from the biofuels supply chain, consistency between addends is necessary. Martin states that “It should come as no great surprise that changing the denominator of a fraction from 30 to 100
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the relationship between the ways of reporting other comprehensive income (OCI) and the volatility, the sign and the total amount of such accounting items.
Abstract: The paper analyzes the ways of reporting other comprehensive income (OCI) and their relationships with three different variables, i.e. the volatility, the sign and the total amount of such accounting items. In order to investigate the reasons of such relationships, the study considers the final annual financial statements approved for the accounting periods from 2009 (i.e. the first year in which the 2007 revision of IAS 1 was applied) to 2012 by Italian companies which are required to apply the International Financial Reporting Standards and to follow their updates since 2005. The choice of this specific sample is due to the willingness of verifying the ways of departing from a strong Italian accounting traditional culture which does not consider other comprehensive income (OCI items have never been mentioned by Italian civil code and have not been included in Italian financial reporting). Some preliminary results emphasize the relevance of OCI items. In each accounting period, the majority of the analyzed financial statements show a significant impact of OCI on net income (each amount in absolute value) over a materiality threshold of 10%. In some years also the difference between ROE measured with net income (NI) and ROE measured with comprehensive income (CI) is statistically significant. It demonstrates that the prominence of OCI in evaluating firms’ performance potentially should not be ignored. Moreover, the median of changes in OCI is greater than the one of changes in net income, showing that OCI is more volatile than NI. After such preliminary analysis, a logistic analysis has been implemented by considering the above-mentioned variables. Such study brings some important results confirming the significance of the relations between the ways of reporting other comprehensive income and both the sign and the total amount of such accounting items. The analysis has been implemented by using also different versions of the dependent variable in order to investigate the impact of the OCI presentation in two statements which are positioned in two different (i.e. following) pages. So, while the predominance in the use of two statements for OCI presentation shows the willingness to emphasize the traditional profit or loss section and may be related to the influence of a strong Italian accounting traditional culture, the reasons of the use of two different pages for such presentation may represent the signal of “accounts management”.
1 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: The overall quality of provided predictions by management is much higher than predictions by people outside the organization as discussed by the authors because, management has more information about company status, they are aware company current plans, and also have available to details of financial information from previous accounting period.
Abstract: The overall quality of provided predictions by management is much higher than predictions by people outside the organization. Because, management has more information about company status, they are aware company current plans, and also have available to details of financial information from previous accounting period. Plus, management is allocated most significant sources to financial forecasts. Although there is possibility of earnings manipulate by management, but if management be forced to response about predicted items and actual results, tries for providing predictions with close attention and the help of financial advisors that is closer to fact. Keyword: Forecast Earnings, Adjusted in the Forecast Profits, Earnings Forecast Accuracy
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: This article reviewed and scrutinized accounting postulates, concepts and principles as basis for improving the quality of financial reporting, although the continuity postulate assumes that the entity will exist for an infinite period of time, users require a variety of information about the financial situation and performance of an enterprise to make short-term decision.
Abstract: Since accounting has evolved over many years through trial and error, it should be continually improved to give a better final product to satisfy the requirements of end-users who utilize financial statements. Despite changes in the purchasing power of money, accounting has been unwilling to introduce into the accounts modifications of values in order to reflect changes in the value of the monetary standard. Therefore, “values in accounting are expressed in terms of money as a fixed and constant standard. This paper reviewed and scrutinized accounting postulates, concepts and principles as basis for improving the quality of financial reporting, although the continuity postulate assumes that the entity will exist for an infinite period of time, users require a variety of information about the financial situation and performance of an enterprise to make short-term decision. In response to this constraint, the accounting period assumption holds that financial reports showing changes in the wealth of an enterprise should be published periodically. Copyright@ 2014 cepa
30 Sep 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the sensitivity of inter-temporal and inter-regional inequality comparisons to the length of the accounting period was explored, and it was shown that accounting period likely affects the shape of the income distribution and the level of measured inequality.
Abstract: When individual or household incomes are collected for administrative or scientific surveys, the accounting period is sometimes a month, sometimes a quarter, and sometimes a year. The accounting period likely affects the shape of the income distribution and the level of measured inequality. The present study systematically explores the sensitivity of inter-temporal and inter-regional inequality comparisons to the length of the accounting period.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The possibility of appearance of temporarily available capital determines a number of economic operations of placing them, operations that give content in business operations as discussed by the authors, and the financial result, used as a measure of performance or as a reference for other indicators is presented using two types of structures: expenditure and revenues.
Abstract: The possibility of appearance of temporarily available capital determines a number of economic operations of placing them, operations that give content in business operations. The financial result, used as a measure of performance or as a reference for other indicators is presented using two types of structures: expenditure and revenues. The definitions of revenues and expenditure capture their essential characteristics, but they must complete by the criteria that must be met in order to be recognized in the profit or loss account. Revenues constitutes increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or increases in assets or decreases in liabilities, which is reflected in increases in equity other than those resulting from contributions by investors. Financial expenses comprise in their structure the receivables related to equity losses, expenses on disposal of financial investments, unfavorable foreign exchange differences, interest on the current financial year, discounts to customers, receivables from financial losses.