Showing papers on "Acetone published in 1969"

Transformation of aflatoxin B1 by steroid-hydroxylating fungi.

Abstract: Numerous organisms were examined to find a fungal system capable of catalyzing aflatoxin transformations. Some fungi, particularly Dactylium dendroides, Absidia repens, and Mucor griseo-cyanus, transform about 50–60% of aflatoxin B1 in shake cultures to a new fluorescent-blue compound (R0), with a lower Rf (0.57) than B1 (0.69) on silica gel thin-layer chromatographic plates (acetone:CHCl3, 20:80). In a separate assay, washed fungal mycelium suspended in 0.02 M PO4 buffer catalyzed a 25–30% conversion in 20 h. The new fluorescent compound was separated from the unchanged B1 by column chromatography on silica gel G with washed CHCl3 containing 6% acetone and 0.75% ETOH as solvent. The ultraviolet spectrum showed maxima of 325, 261, and 254 mμ. Its infrared spectrum, showing a shift in absorption peaks at 1760 and 1685 cm−1, indicated a change in the functional carbonyls of B1; in addition, a broad band at 3400 cm−1 indicated a hydroxylated compound.

Electrochemical reduction of acetone. Electrocatalytic activity of platinized platinum

Abstract: The influence of adsorbed hydrogen on the electroreduction of acetone in H2SO4 medium on platinized platinum is studied. Two independent paths are accessible for the reaction; one leads to propane and the other to isopropanol. The existence of two types of adsorption for hydrogen is confirmed; one of them is interstitial. The activity of the electrode for the reduction of acetone depends on its interstitial hydrogen content. Besides its influence on the adsorption properties of the electrode, interstitial hydrogen is not directly involved in the reaction path leading to propane, whereas this type of hydrogen has a more important role in the reaction path leading to isopropanol. The hydrogen atoms in the methyl groups of acetone undergo isotopic exchange with the electrolytic hydrogens, during adsorption on the electrode. The degree of exchange depends on the voltage and on the activity of the electrode.

Phosphonic acid analogues of carbohydrate metabolites. I. Synthesis of L-and D-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid.

Abstract: A synthesis of the phosphonic acid analogues of L-α- and D-α-glycerophosphoric acid, viz. L- and D-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid, is described. The L-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid was obtained by treating acetone α-iodo-L-propylene glycol with triethyl phosphite at 120–125° for 24 h, hydrolyzing the condensation product acetone L-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid diethyl ester with 2 N sulfuric acid at 100° for 48 h, and isolating the L-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid as barium salt. The D-dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid was prepared in the same manner from acetone α-iodo-D-propylene glycol. The barium salts are readily soluble in cold water, much less soluble in hot water, and insoluble in the more common organic solvents. Dihydroxypropylphosphonic acid and α-glycerophosphoric acid can be distinguished from each other by their different behaviors towards hot mineral acids, and by the infrared spectra, n.m.r. spectra, and optical rotations of their barium salts.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the system acetone-methanol saturated with salts

Abstract: Vapor-liquid equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure of the system: acetone-methanol-salt are studied. The Salts, Kl, NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, LiCl, and CaBr2 are examined to observe the salt effect on the acetone-methanol system. Effective salts are CaCl2, LiCl and CaBr2, which are more soluble in methanol than Kl, NaCl and MgCl2. CaCl2, LiCl and CaBr2 are observed to shift the azeotropic composition from 8O.1 to 88.6, 91.0 and 94.0 mole % of acetone, respectively. The salt effect at each infinite dilute concentration of acetone and methanol increases with the increasing solubility of each salt in the rich concentration component.

Infrared study of the interactions of acetone and siliceous surfaces

Abstract: Adsorbed acetone is held to silica surfaces by hydrogen bonds between surface silanols and the acetone carbonyl groups. Acetone is adsorbed by this mechanism on porous glass surfaces but there is also some decomposition, as shown by the increase in surface B—OH groups and by formation of new C—H absorptions at 2984 and 2940 cm−1. Experiments with boron-impregnated silica indicated that the presence of boron in the porous glass can account for this decomposition process. Bands at 1660–1670 and 1650 cm−1, observed when acetone and acetone-d6, respectively, were adsorbed on either porous glass or boron-impregnated silica, are attributed to ν(C=O) of the carbonyl group coordinated with a surface boron atom. The surface hydroxyls of both silica and porous glass could exchange with the deuterium of acetone-d6 via a mechanism involving an enol intermediate.

Cellulose graft copolymers. I. Graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ-irradiated cellulose from methanol–water systems

Abstract: Ethyl acrylate was graft-copolymerized from acetone–water systems with γ-irradiated, purified cotton cellulose. The scavenging of the free radicals in the irradiated cellulose by water, acetone, and water–acetone systems was determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The ESR spectra of free radicals, scavenged by water and acetone, were recorded by the use of a time-averaging computer attached to the ESR spectrometer, in which the ESR spectrum of the irradiated cellulose, which had been immersed in water and/or acetone, was electronically subtracted from the ESR spectrum of the irradiated cellulose control. For both water and acetone, the ESR spectra of the scavenged free radicals were singlets. This indicated that free radical sites formed on carbon C1 or C4 on radiation-initiated depolymerization, which would generate singlet ESR spectra, were readily accessible to these solvents. The maximum scavenging of the radicals was observed when irradiated cellulose was immersed in acetone–water solution which had a composition of 25/75 vol-%. The scavenging of the free radicals in irradiated cellulose when immersed in acetone–water solutions was less than when immersed in methanol–water solutions. Also, the extent of graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate from acetone solutions with irradiated cellulose was less than that of ethyl acrylate from methanol solutions. These differences were probably due to differences in the diffusion rates of acetone and methanol into the cellulosie structure. The Trommsdorff-type effect in the acetone solutions would be less than in the methanol solutions, since acetone is a better solvent for poly(ethyl acrylate) than methanol.

Purification of acetone

Abstract: Acetone free of aldehydic impurities is obtained by fractionally distilling crude acetone in a single, multiple-plate column and continuously introducing, at a point above the acetone feed, a counterflowing dilute alkaline solution, such as sodium hydroxide, the amount and concentration being sufficient to polymerize aldehydic impurities contained therein without forming a second liquid phase when the alkali mixes with the liquid in the column; and removing pure acetone from the top of the column and water and nonvolatiles as bottom products.

Method for the manufacture of heat-resistant carbonaceous products having low permeability

Abstract: Two catalytic additives are added to a mixed solution of acetone and furfural to produce a resinous solution for use in impregnating a carbonaceous product. A carbonaceous article is impregnated with the solution at a reduced pressure, and the article is immersed in a concentrated sulfuric acid bath. Then, it is withdrawn from the acid bath, rinsed, and dried. Finally, it is subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures to carbonize or graphitize the carbon product impregnated with the resinous solution.

Catalytic hydrogenation of alpha methyl styrene

Abstract: ALPHA ETHY STYRENE, OBTAINED AS A BY-PRODUCT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHENOL ISHYDROGENTED BACK TO CUMENE USING HYDROGEN AND STANDARD HYDROGENATION CATALYSTS WHICH ARE SELECTIVE FOR THE ETHYLENIC SIDE CHAIN. PRIOR TO HYDROGENATION THE ALPHA METHYL STYRENE IS TREATED TO EFFECT REMOVAL OF HYDROXY ACETONE PRESENT. BY REDUCING OR ELIMINATING HYDROXY ACETONE, POISONING OF THE CATALYST SI PREVENTED. HYDROXY ACETONE IS REMOVED FROM THE ALPHA METHYL STYRENE BY WATER WASHING, DISTILLATION, OR BY CHEMICAL METHODS AS FOR EXAMPLE BY TREATING WITH AN AMINE.

Production of saturated carbonyl compounds

Abstract: THIS SPECIFICATION DESCRIBES A NOVEL PROCESS FOR THE ALDOL CONDENSATION OF CARBONYL-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS OF RELATIVELY LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT TO PRODUCE HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT A-B UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WHICH ARE HYDROGENATED TO SATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AS THEY ARE PRODUCED. THERE IS DESCRIBED A NOVEL CATALYST FOR THIS REACTION WHICH IS A STRONGLY ACID CATION EXCHANGE RESIN HAVING METALLIC REDUCED NOBLE METAL DEPOSITED THEREON. THE PROCESS IS CARRIED OUT USING A SOLID BED CATALYST IN A TRICKLE PHASE. PARTICULARLY EXEMPLIFIED IS THE PRODUCTION OF METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE BY THE SELF-CONDENSATION OF ACETONE.

On the Oxidation of Guaiazulene

Abstract: Guaiazulene was oxidized with potassium permanganate and with selenium dioxide according to the Treibs procedure. An acidic and a neutral crystalline compounds obtained from the permanganate oxidation in acetone were identified by means of UV, IR, and NMR spectrum measurements as 4-methyl-7-isopropylazulene-1-carboxylic acid and 1-formyl-4-methyl-7-isopropylazulene respectively. It was also confirmed that the selenium dioxide oxidation of guaiazulene in acetone gave 3-formylguaiazulene and 3,3′-diguaiazulenylacetone, the chemical structure of which had already been established by Treibs.

The collection and analysis of low molecular weight carbonyl compounds from source effluents.

Abstract: Low molecular weight carbonyl compounds from a variety of source operations were collected in bisulfite solution and analyzed by a gas chromatographic procedure. Formaldehyde could not be determined by gas chromatography and was measured colorimetrically. Studies on the efficiency of collection of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butraldehyde, and crotonaldehyde, along with acetone, meth-ylethyl ketone, and diethyl ketone were made in a laboratory aeration setup. Data on the concentration of these compounds in source effluents are presented.

Condensation of acetone with sym-trinitrobenzene. Structure of the bicyclic product

Abstract: Red bicyclic condensation product from reaction of acetone with sym-trinitrobenzene and diethylamine

Photochemistry of β-Acylacrylic Acids and Their Esters

Abstract: The irradiation of methyl trans-β-acetylacrylate (I-A) in methanol or acetone or without any solvent gave the cis-isomer (I-B). On the contrary, the irradiation of the free acid of I-A, trans-β-acetylacrylic acid (II-A), in methanol or without any solvent gave the angelica lactone, 5-methyl-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran (II-C). The irradiation of trans-β-pivaloylacrylic acid (III-A) in methanol also afforded the angelica lactone, 5-t-butyl-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran (III-C). The reaction route from a cis-isomer to an angelica lactone was explained in terms of the inductive effect.

Method for production of methyl isobutyl ketone

Abstract: A novel method for producing methyl isobutyl ketone from acetone and hydrogen in one stage with improved conversion and selectivity by contacting acetone in liquid phase with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst of (a) palladium and synthetic zeolite, or (b) palladium and alumina together with or without thorium oxide, zirconium oxide and/or chromium oxide, at a temperature of 100 DEG to 250 DEG C. and under a partial pressure of hydrogen of 0.1 to 10 kg per square centimeter.

Acetone photolysis: Kinetic studies in a flow reactor

Abstract: The photodecomposition of acetone vapor was studied in a tubular flow, differential reactor at atmospheric pressure and from 82 to 112°C. The products included significant amounts of biacetyl along with carbon monoxide and ethane. A rate equation was developed from a sequence of elementary reactions believed to explain the photolysis of acetone. The effects of light intensity and acetone concentration, indicated in the derived rate equation, were confirmed by the data. The rate is less than first-order with respect to acetone, and this is believed to be due to reformation of stable acetone molecules by deactivation of CH3COCH3*.

Effects of cations upon absorption spectra. Part 3.—The interaction of chloride and nickel(II) in acetone and dimethyl sulphone

Abstract: The various equilibria which occur when nickel(II) in acetone and dimethyl sulphone reacts with the chloride ion are examined. Various species containing solvent and chloride are detected spectrophotometrically and the role of the added cations in particular is explored. These cations affect the relative concentrations of the various species involved in specific ways.

Studies of the Organic Reactions of Metal Carbonyls. XVI. Solvent Effects on the Hydroformylation of Propylene and on the Reaction of Cobalt Hydrocarbonyl with 1-Pentene

Abstract: In the reaction of cobalt hydrocarbonyl with 1-pentene at 10°C, solvents have a great effect on the distribution of the products, caproylcobalt carbonyl (I) and α-methylvalerylcobalt carbonyl (II). The I-to-II ratio is 72 : 28 in toluene, in toluene-dioxane (1 : 1 in volume), and in tolueneethyl acetate. The percentage of II increases to 40–66% in toluene-diethyl ether, -tetrahydrofuran, -acetone, -ethyl alcohol, and -acetonitrile. In the hydroformylation of propylene, the distribution of the products, n- and isobutyraldehyde, is also affected by the solvents. In toluene, the n-to-iso ratio is about 75 : 25, while in dioxane and in butyl acetate the percentage of the n-aldehyde increases to 79–83%. In methyl alcohol, dimethyl acetals of the aldehydes and n- and isobutyrate are formed. The n-to-iso ratio is the highest in the esters (3.2–8.5), followed by the acetals (0.7–1.6) and the aldehydes (0.4).

Plant Growth Regulating Properties of Some Acetone Condensation Products

Abstract: DURING chromatographic purification of plant hormones extracted with acetone, we noted that a mixture of self-condensation products of acetone formed when this solvent was subsequently used to extract silica gel or aluminium oxide removed from thin-layer plates These products of acetone were also obtained by simply combining acetone with silica gel H or with aluminium oxide G powder and stirring the mixture for a short time The silica gel or aluminium oxide was separated by centrifugation and the acetone was evaporated to obtain the condensation products When one 5 g sample of the silical gel was subjected repeatedly to acetone (eight 25 ml aliquots), we obtained the following amounts of condensation products: 300, 410, 330, 380, 550, 510, 430 and 480 µg We believe that self-condensation of acetone had occurred, for the weight of the material obtained did not decrease when the silica gel was exposed repeatedly to fresh aliquots of acetone

An improved process for purifying 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol

Abstract: 1,149,322. Purifying isopropylidene (diphenol. DOW CHEMICAL CO. 18 April, 1967, No. 17825/67. Heading C2C. A process for purifying crude 4,4 1 -isopropyl idene diphenol prepared from acetone and phenol which contains phenol and isomeric diphenols and other phenolic impurities comprises mixing the crude diphenol with water in the ratio of 0A5 to 2A0 parts by weight of water per part by weight of crude diphenol, heating the resulting mixture to a temperature sufficient to melt any crystals, agitating the resulting fluid mixture before or while cooling said mixture to a temperature at which a substantial portion of the 4,4 1 -isopropylidenediphenol crystallizes and separating the resulting crystals. In a modified process crystalline material is separated at 40‹ to 50‹ C. from the reaction mixture which is obtained on completion of the reaction between acetone and phenol washed with water, water is added to the washed crystals in an amount of 0A5 to 2 parts by weight of water per part by weight of wet crystals, the mixture of crystals and water is heated sufficiently to melt the crystals, the mixture is cooled to cause crystallization of the 4,41-isopropylidene diphenol which is then separated from the mixture. Examples are furnished.

Desorption of organic adsorbates from carbon I

Abstract: Tracer experiments using Carbon-14 labeled acetone establish that chemisorption corresponding to ≤23% of the theoretical monolayer, occurs when acetone vapor is adsorbed on carbon black at 24–140°C. Up to 90% of this strongly adsorbed acetone can be removed unchanged by linear programmed temperature desorption at ≤550°C. Assuming first order kinetics, acetone desorption thermograms (rate of desorption vs. temperature) can be consistently resolved into four separate peaks with maxima at 140, 180, 230, and 280°C. Activation energies for resolved peaks range from 11 to 17 kcal/mole with Arrhenius frequency factors of 10 4 –10 6 min −1 . It is proposed that chemisorbed molecules are present in a mobile adsorbed phase and must undergo a loss of translational entropy prior to desorption. The amount and stability of chemisorbed acetone is determined by the size and perfection of graphitic basal planes on the surface of the carbon substrate.