Showing papers on "Acetone published in 1978"

Acetone/butanol/ethanol fermentation

Abstract: A review on the National Chemical Products process of acetone/butanol/ethanol fermentation from molasses, dealing with microbiological and biochemical aspects of the process as well as plant procedure, waste disposal, and byproduct utilization.

Infrared study of the adsorption of acetone on rutile

Abstract: The associative adsorption of acetone onto Lewis acidic Ti4+ ion sites on rutile is followed by the formation of a surface enolate complex which reacts with a further acetone molecule to give mesityl oxide. The enolate is also an intermediate in the exchange of hydrogen atoms between acetone and hydroxyl groups on rutile. The effects of dehydroxylation and dehydration of the rutile surface on the associative adsorption of acetone and on the formation of the enolate complex and mesityl oxide have been studied using infrared spectroscopy. The reversibility of the surface reactions has been established, in part by a study of the adsorption of mesityl oxide, which not only associatively adsorbs onto Ti4+ ion sites but also decomposes to enolate complex and coordinatively liganded acetone molecules. Reduction of rutile in hydrogen decreases the Lewis acidity of the oxide surface but promotes the formation of surface acetate ion by the chemisorption of acetone.

Reduced Copper Catalyzed Conversion of Primary Alcohols into Esters and Ketones

Abstract: Vapor phase reactions of a mixture of two types of primary alcohols to esters and ketones over a reduced copper catalyst have been investigated. The reactions between primary alcohols and propionaldehyde have also been investigated. The effects of the molar ratio of the reactants and the reaction temperature on the yields of esters, ketones, and aldehydes have been examined. A mixture of ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol when passed over the catalyst, the main products have been found to be propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl propionate, ethyl propionate, ethyl methyl ketone, diethyl ketone, acetone, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde. The formation of the ester and the ketone may be presented as follows: (Remark: Graphics omitted.)

The impregnation of wet peat for the production of thin sections

Abstract: Summary A technique is described to replace the water in peat by acetone prior to impregnation with resin. The peat is exposed to the vapour of aqueous acetone of increasing concentration up to 100 per cent acetone. After impregnation with resin, high quality thin sections can be obtained.

Extraction and purification of stevioside

Abstract: PURPOSE: To extract and purify stevioside in a high recovery, by treating an extract of leaves of stevia with a water-soluble metal salt and ion exchange resins, and by treating the anion exchange resin with a water-soluble organic solvent. CONSTITUTION: An extract of leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) with water or a hydrous alcohol is concentrated, and one or more types of water-soluble salts of metals selected from Ca, Fe, and Al and a water-soluble organic solvent (S), e.g. ethanol or acetone, are added to the concentrate to remove precipitate colloidal impurities. The resulting liquid of pH3W7 is passed through an acidic cation and a basic anion exchange resins (A) and (B) in order to give the stevioside-containing aqueous solution. The solvent (S) is present in the liquid in passing through resin (B), or the aqueous solution of (S) is passed through (B) after the passage of the liquid and combined with the stevioside-containing aqueous solution. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio

Ring transformations in reactions of heterocyclic compounds with nucleophiles (XXI): Conversion of 5-nitropyrimidine into pyridines and benzene derivatives by ketones†‡

Abstract: Reaction of 5-nitropyrimidine with ketonic reagents such as acetone, diethyl ketone, dibenzyl ketone and acetylacetone in the presence of triethylamine or potassium ethoxide gave either the 5-nitropyridine derivatives 1, the 4-nitrophenol (2) or the 4-pyridone (3). These reactions show the first examples of the conversion of a pyrimidine ring into a benzene ring. The reaction pattern strongly depends on the nature of the ketone and the base used. The mechanism of these ring-transformation reactions involves the initial addition of the anion of the ketone to either C(6) (leading to 1 or 2) or C(2) (giving 3).

Über die Herstellung von Äther der enantio‐14, 15‐Dinorlabdan‐Reihe aus Eperusäure

Abstract: The Conversion of Eperuic Acid into Ethers of the enantio-14, 15-Dinorlabdane Series 5 and 6 are strongly odiferous substances of the ambra-type. Their enantiomers 7 and 8, hitherto unknown, have been synthesized from eperuic acid (4) and their olfactory properties compared with those of 5 and 6. 4 was esterified by CH2N2 and dehydrogenated with (C6H5Se)2/H2O2 to the α,β-unsaturated ester 9 (61%). Oxidation by KMnO4 in acetone yielded the ketone 3 (60%). Epoxidation followed by treatment with acid converted 3 into the acetals 7 (61%) and 8 (14%). 7 and 8 differ from 5 and 6 in odor intensity, and 6 and 8 show slightly different odor quality.

Solvent free or sinterable polyetheramide acid reaction product

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing oligomeric polyetheramide-acid by reacting an aromatic dianhydride component including an aromatic bis(ether anhydride) with an organic diamine in an inert organic liquid selected from methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, and mixtures thereof with acetone. The oligomeric polyetheramide-acid is substantially insoluble in the inert organic liquid, in which the oligomer typically appears as a precipitate which may be recovered in powder or finely divided particulate form without need for grinding.

Electrochemical reaction of trialkylboranes with acetone

Abstract: Trialkylboranes are readily electrolyzed in acetone solution, containing tetraalkylammonium salts to give corresponding 2-alkyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanes (1) and 2-alkyl-4,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinanes (2) in good yields.

Method of combating wild oats

Abstract: The activity of barban is enhanced and variation of selectivity with climatic conditions is alleviated by applying to wild oats an effective amount of a composition comprising one part by weight barban and at least four parts by weight of a polyunsaturated fatty acid exemplified by linolenic acid. The composition is preferably either dispersed in water with the aid of an emulsifier or dissolved in a mixture of water and a volatile organic solvent such as acetone.

Recovery of acetone produced by carbonylation

Abstract: Acetone produced as a by-product in the reaction of methyl acetate with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII noble metal catalyst and methyl iodide is recovered from the reaction mixture by supplying acetone to provide an acetone to methyl iodide molar ratio of at least 1:10 and distilling the mixture comprising methyl iodide, acetone and methyl acetate to separate substantially all of the methyl iodide and the supplied acetone and some of the methyl acetate from the remaining acetone and methyl acetate and thereafter separating the acetone from the methyl acetate.

Process allowing the delignification and the transformation into sugar of lignocellulose vegetal materials by using organic solvents

Abstract: Minced lignocellulose, such as wood, straw, bamboos, bagasse or any other structured vegetal material, is treated in a discontinuous or continuous process. The process consists in boiling this material in an acidified mixture of solvents in an aqueous phase. This mixture of solvents contains water in a proportion of 30 to 70 parts and an organic solvent in a proportion of 70 to 30 parts. The organic solvent consists of either an alcohol of light molecular weight, or a ketone of light molecular weight; it must be easily evaporable and soluble in water. The pH of the medium is adjusted to a pH from 3.5 to 1.7 by adding a catalytic compound selected within the group of the strong acids: hydrochloric, nitric and phosphoric; within the group of these strong acids neutralized by their neutral salts; within the group of the following organic acids: oxalic, maleic, o-phthalic, l-malic, succinic, nicotinic, salicylic and trifluoracetic. The boiling temperatures range between 160 and 210 C, preferably between 180 and 200 C. After three minutes at the minimum, we obtain the separation of the lignin and the hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses dissolved; after that, the fibres are easily dispersible while forming a pulp. By proceeding to a mechanical refining at a high pressure, a high density thermomechanical pulp is obtained after a shorter boiling time. With the neutralized acids, as well as with the organic acids, particularly with the oxalic acid, we can obtain a fibre with a high degree of polymerization. The lignin is obtained as a precipitate which separates from the liquid; the liquid solvent, usually ethanol or acetone, is evaporated; then the drained lignin is redissolved in the minimal quantity of acetone; a new precipitation with an excess of water allows to obtain the lignin in the form of a slightly coloured powder. A prolonged boiling dehydrates and disaggregates the sugars; by the strong acids action, takes place the formation of light molecular weight or microcristalline cellulose, glucose or organic acids, methanol and furfuralic compounds.

Additives for aviation and similar fuels

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel, especially a copper-sweetened aviation jet fuel, contains a metal deactivator which is an oxime of either an orthohydroxy aromatic ketone or α-hydroxy aliphatic ketone, or an imine of a diamine with an ortho hydroxy aromatic ketone, an alkyl substituted ortho hydroxy aromatic aldehyde or a -diketone Preferred materials include oximes of 2-hydroxy-5-t-butyl benzophenone and 2-hydroxy-5-nonyl acetophenene and di-imines of ethylene and propylene diamines with benzoyl acetone, 5-t-octylsalicylaldehye or 2-hydoroxy-5-methyl butyrophenone The metal de-activator is added in conventional proportions, typically about 5 to 10 ppm (by weight) to the fuel which may contain either conventional additives such as anti-static, anti-icing and corrosion inhibiting additives

Gelled nail polish remover and process of making the same

Abstract: This application discloses a solvent based nail polish remover comprising 85.0 to 99.5% acetone or ethyl acetate solvent and 0.5 to 15% gelling agent, preferably hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate gelling agent. The gelled remover has a viscosity of 1,000 to 10,000 centipoise and possesses little odor due to the low rate of solvent evaporation when compared to acetone alone. The consistency of the gel allows it to be packaged in a collapsible tube to avoid breakage or spillage. The process includes the steps of adding the gelling agent to the acetone or ethyl acetate solvent after the addition of the other ingredients.

Process for the production of acetaldehyde by the reaction of methanol with synthesis gas

Abstract: Acetaldehyde is produced by reacting methanol with hydrogen and carbon monoxide at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst comprising cobalt, an iodide or a bromide and one of the elements arsenic, antimony or bismuth, either in the form of the free element or a compound thereof, and in the additional presence of one or more of the following additives: (i) an inert liquid such as chlorobenzene, decanoic acid, a polydimethylsiloxane fluid or a methyl phenyl silicone fluid, (ii) an acid and/or an acid derivative such as acetic acid, acetic anhydride, propionic acid, phenylacetic acid, benzoic acid, methyl acetate or butyl acetate. (iii) an oxygen-containing organic compound such as 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, di-n-propylether, diphenylether, acetone, acetaldehyde, n-propanol or n-butanol. (iv) a non-polar solvent such as an alkane, benzene or an alkyl-substituted benzene. The presence of the additive suppresses by-product formation and thereby improves the yield and selectivity to acetaldehyde.

Partial purification of wet-process phosphoric acid with acetone and ammonia

Abstract: An improved process for the purification of wet-process phosphoric acid (WPPA) with acetone and ammonia. The main product is the purified acid and a byproduct is the impure acid fraction in a liquid form containing most of the impurities including the added ammonia. The WPPA is mixed with acetone and the specified amount of ammonia to form two liquid phases that separate rapidly. The top layer contains about 75 percent of the phosphoric acid, nearly all the acetone, and a small fraction of the impurities. The bottom liquid layer has a viscosity usually in the range of 40 to 2500 centipoises, depending on the acid concentration and the amount of ammonia used. The acetone is distilled from the two liquid phases for recycle to the process.

Solubilization of Rafoxanide

Abstract: A soluble complex of an insoluble drug, exemplified by Rafoxanide is formed with polyvinylpyrrolidone and water. The complex is formed by combining the insoluble drug and polyvinylpyrrolidone in a suitable water miscible organic solvent, preferably acetone or glycerolformal, and water. The complex is formed in situ. The solvent may be removed, if desired, and the complex remains in aqueous solution. The aqueous solution is then suitable for injection and may be used to treat fasciola or liver fluke infections.

Stability of myoglobin to acetone treatment characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and resolubility in water

Abstract: The effect of organic solvents on globular proteins during extraction processes has been studied in a model system of myoglobin and acetone Acetone was added to water solutions of myoglobin and acetone-water mixtures were added to solid samples of myoglobin The acetone concentration range was 10–99% (v/v) The degree of irreversible transition caused by acetone in the myoglobin preparations was characterized both by differential scanning calorimetry and by water solubility At corresponding acetone concentrations the myoglobin preparations resulting from the two different ways of adding acetone showed no significant difference in degree of irreversible transition A constant fraction of any myoglobin preparation was resoluble in water At medium acetone concentrations (50–70%) myoglobin underwent complete irreversible transition, whereas at low (30% and below) and high acetone concentrations (90% and above), only a fraction of the myoglobin sample underwent irreversible transition In the low concentration range this was ascribed to the decrease in polarity of the acetone-water medium, and in the high concentration range to the decreased availability of water, expressed as a decrease in water activity The myoglobin samples treated with high concentrations of acetone could be divided into two groups with different susceptibility to a following heat treatment A model for predicting the degree of irreversible transition of protein concentrates and isolates that have undergone organic solvent extraction is presented

Novel synthesis of α-methylene-γ-lactones

Abstract: α-Methylene-γ-lactones have been prepared from acetone 2,4,6-tri-isopropylphenylsulphonydrazone, an aliphatic ketone or aldehyde, and carbon dioxide in a ‘one pot’ good yield reaction.

Fluorination of methyl ketones

Abstract: Methyl ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone react with vaporized aqueous HF in the vapor phase at about 190° C.-400° C. to make the corresponding 2,2-difluoroalkanes.