Showing papers on "Acetonitrile published in 1981"
Abstract: Addition of acetonitrile to the traditional CCl4/H2O solvent system for ruthenium tetraoxide catalyzed oxidations leads to a greatly improved system; some applications to olefins, alcohols, aromatic rings, and ethers are described. © 1981, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
1,140 citations
134 citations
TL;DR: The tropfenweise Zugabe von Styrol zu einer MeCN-Losung von (I) bei 20°C bewirkte die schnelle und quantitative Fallung von Polystyrol.
Abstract: Die tropfenweise Zugabe von Styrol zu einer MeCN-Losung von (I) bei 20°C bewirkte die schnelle und quantitative Fallung von Polystyrol.
111 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that the other nitriles examined here possess little, if any, acute toxicity in the absence of normal hepatic function and that these nit riles were activated by hepatic mechanisms to release cyanide which can account for their major acute toxic effects.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the anodic oxidation of 1-naphthylamine (ArNH 2 ) was studied at the platinum electrode in acetonitrile by controlled potential electrolysis, chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry and spectrometric methods.
77 citations
72 citations
TL;DR: In this article, cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic coulometry were used to study the electrochemical oxidation of thiourea in aqueous solutions of nitric acid, ammonium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide and in acetonitrile.
66 citations
52 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two kinds of adsorbed acetonitrile are recognized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on evaporated nickel and palladium polycrystalline films.
51 citations
TL;DR: The electrochemical oxidation of copper, silver, or gold into acetonitrile solutions of benzyl chloride or hydrogen halide plus triphenylphosphine leads to the formation of the adducts MXLn.
Abstract: The electrochemical oxidation of copper, silver, or gold into acetonitrile solutions of benzyl chloride or hydrogen halide plus triphenylphosphine leads to the formation of the adducts MXLn (M = Cu...
51 citations
TL;DR: In this article, strongly polar molecules such as acetone, nitromethane, and acetonitrile imbedded in an inert gas matrix give rise to characteristic absorption patterns below 150 cm−1.
Abstract: Strongly polar molecules such as acetone, nitromethane, and acetonitrile imbedded in an inert gas matrix give rise to characteristic absorption patterns below 150 cm−1. The bands observed in the case of acetonitrile are due to an activated phonon band, to two vibrations of a monomer molecule within the polarized cage of inert gas atoms, and to two intermolecular vibrations of an antiparallel dimer.
TL;DR: In this article, an empirically modified form of Stokes's law was proposed to predict ionic conductances for Et4N+, Pr4N+ and Bu4N+) ions in quantitative agreement with the experimental values in mixed solvents and so provides a new method for the evaluation of single ion conductances.
Abstract: The Zwanzig theory of dielectric friction on the moving ion has been critically examined for Et4N+, Pr4N+ and Bu4N+ ions in a number of non-aqueous solvents. The theory applies satisfactorily only to Et4N+ in acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide and acetone and to Bu4N+ in methanol, but it fails in all of the other cases. However, the empirically modified form of Stokes's law which was recently proposed from this laboratory has been found to be applicable (within an average uncertainty of ±2%) for all these ions in pure solvents. This empirically modified equation predicts ionic conductances for Et4N+, Pr4N+ and Bu4N+ ions in quantitative agreement with the experimental values in mixed solvents and so provides a new method for the evaluation of single ion conductances.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a facile conversion of nitrile to amide may be achieved by the reaction in the presence of DMSO, unaccompanied by side reactions such as the epoxyamide formation from α,β-unsaturated nitriles.
Abstract: Formation of peroxycarboximidic acid (1) is not rate-determining in the reaction of nitrile with alkaline hydrogen peroxide to form amide and oxygen; the yield of amide based on H2O2 varies from 20 to 60%. When dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a reactive substrate, is added, the rate is independent of [DMSO] and governed in turn by a rate-determining addition of HOO− to nitrile. This reaction gives a reliable α-value of kHOO−/kHO−, which is 10000 for benzonitrile. A facile conversion of nitrile to amide may be achieved by the reaction in the presence of DMSO, unaccompanied by side reactions such as the epoxyamide formation from α,β-unsaturated nitrile. Kinetics and product analysis suggest that a predominant reaction is not a non-radical oxidation of H2O2 with 1 but a radical decomposition of H2O2 which is induced by the homolysis of anion of 1 (1A). No singlet oxygen could be trapped chemically. The reaction of superoxide ion, O2\ewdot, with acetonitrile is shown to be analogous to that of HOO−; the decomposit...
TL;DR: In this paper, a mild and efficient method has been developed for carbon-oxygen bond cleavage using chlorotrimethylsilane/sodium iodide in acetonitrile, which was applied to synthetic transformation under nonaqueous and neutral conditions, such as acetal deprotection and the synthesis of phosphonic acids from the corresponding dialkyl phosphonates via methanolysis of their silyl esters.
Abstract: A mild and efficient method has been developed for carbon-oxygen bond cleavage using chlorotrimethylsilane/sodium iodide in acetonitrile. It was applied to synthetic transformation under nonaqueous and neutral conditions, such as acetal deprotection and the synthesis of phosphonic acids from the corresponding dialkyl phosphonates via methanolysis of their silyl esters. Effectiveness of various kinds of metal or ammonium iodides for this type of dealkylation was examined in the acetonitrile solution by 1H NMR. Satisfactory results were also obtained with lithium or potassium iodide in place of sodium iodide. However, copper(I) or quarternary ammonium iodide was ineffective. Chlorotrimethylsilane/lithium bromide in acetonitrile is effective for selective dealkylation of multifunctional phosphonic esters or dialkyl vinyl phosphates.
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the water to nitrile ratio and the addition at equal periods of the consumed reagents in the hydration of acetonitrile into acetamide catalyzed by the complex [PdCl(OH)(bipy)(H2O)].
TL;DR: Prostaglandins and monohydroxy fatty acids derived from 8,11,14-icosatrienoic acid and arachidonic acid have been separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography using a cation-exchange column loaded with silver ions to optimize the separation of any given group of solutes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the presence of geometric isomers of the pure anionic complex AIX4− and mixed hexacoordinated species of type [A1XnS6−n]3−n (S = acetonitrile), all exhibiting distinctly different 27 Al shieldings.
TL;DR: The tropfenweise Zugabe von Styrol zu einer MeCN-Losung von (I) bei 20°C bewirkte die schnelle und quantitative Fallung von Polystyrol as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Die tropfenweise Zugabe von Styrol zu einer MeCN-Losung von (I) bei 20°C bewirkte die schnelle und quantitative Fallung von Polystyrol.
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of aliphatic nitriles (acetonitrile, propionitrile and butyronitrile) at the air-solution and the mercury/solution interface is compared by means of surface and interfacial tension, and of surface potential measurements.
TL;DR: In this paper, the character of both polarographic waves of the three isomers 1 −methyl 2 −, 3 −, and 4 − carbomethoxypyridinium ions (2, 3+, and 4+, respectively) has been studied in acetonitrile and in methanol.
Abstract: The character of both polarographic waves of the three isomers 1‐methyl‐2‐, 3‐, and 4‐carbomethoxypyridinium ions (2+, 3+ , and 4+, respectively) has been studied in acetonitrile and in methanol. The first wave is due to a one‐electron reduction under DC and normal pulse polarographic (NPP) conditions. Whereas a stable free radical 4ċ is reversibly formed in the reduction of 4+ and a dimer is irreversibly formed in the reduction of 3+, the 2+ reversibly forms radical 2ċ at low concentration and short pulse width and a dimer under DC conditions. The equilibrium constant and the rate constants for the dimerization reaction dimer have been determined by the reverse‐pulse polarographic method (RPP). The radicals 2ċ and 4ċ have been identified by RPP, and the formal potentials of the couples 2+/2ċ and 4+/4ċ are reported. The second reduction wave of the three compounds is diffusion controlled in protic media (methanol) and yields dihydropyridine as a product. In acetonitrile, the pyridinium salts (n+) exhibit quite complicated behavior, which is dependent on the nature of the pyridinium ion (position of the carbomethoxy group on the ring) and its concentration, the nature of the cations present in the solution, and the time scale in which the electrochemical method is applied. The 3+ isomer does not undergo a second reduction step in this solvent. The anions 2− and 4− react with the cations to form (dihydropyridines), , , or the corresponding dimers n‐n (reaction with the starting material n+). The latter reaction causes a decrease in the amplitude of the second wave and is the most favored reaction in the presence of the indifferent bulky tetrabutylammonium cation, under which conditions the anions (2− and 4−) are most stable and are easily detected. The formal potential of the couples 2ċ/2− and 4ċ/4− are reported.
TL;DR: In this article, the mechanism of electroreduction of aromatic aldehydes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in dimethylformamide and acetonitrile in the presence of tetraethylammonium, potassium, and sodium per...
Abstract: The mechanism of electroreduction of aromatic aldehydes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in dimethylformamide and acetonitrile in the presence of tetraethylammonium, potassium, and sodium per...
TL;DR: In this article, the antiepileptic drug valproic acid was extracted using solvent demixing, where an excess of some salt such as NaCl is added to a mixture of plasma and acetonitrile.
TL;DR: A number of tricarbonyliron-lactone complexes have been prepared from vinyl oxirans by treatment with pentacarbony liron as discussed by the authors, which leads to β lactones.
Abstract: A number of tricarbonyliron–lactone complexes have been prepared from vinyl oxirans by treatment with pentacarbonyliron. In certain cases two η3-allyl complexes were isolated from a single vinyl oxiran. Oxidation of the complexes by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in acetonitrile leads predominantly to β-lactones. The stereochemical integrity of the initial complexes is reflected in the formation of the oxidation products. Reduction of these products with lithium aluminium hydride gave the expected diols.
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical behavior of derivatives of chloramine T in acetonitrile at a platinum electrode was studied and the analysis of RDE and cyclic voltammograms and of electtrolysis was conducted.