Acetonitrile

About: Acetonitrile is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11298 publications have been published within this topic receiving 175275 citations. The topic is also known as: cyanomethane & ethyl nitrile.

Thermodynamic properties for transfer of electrolytes from water to acetonitrile and to acetonitrile + water mixtures

Abstract: The free energies, enthalpies and entropies of transfer of a variety of electrolytes, including alkali metal halides, silver halides, tetraphenylarsonium and tetraphenylboride salts, from water to acetonitrile and water + acetonitrile mixtures have been measured. The enthalpies and entropies of transfer show a complex dependence upon solvent composition, which is discussed in terms of the effects of solvent sorting in the immediate neighbourhood of the ions, and of the effect of the solvated ions on the bulk solvent properties. The large structural effects occurring when ions are dissolved in water do not, however, appear to make a net significant contribution to the free energies of solution (and transfer) of electrolytes. Thus the overall free energies of transfer and their dependence upon solvent composition may be very simply interpreted in terms of the assumption that alkali metal and halide ions interact more strongly with water, and silver ions with acetonitrile, without reference to any special structural properties of water.

Cobalt catalyzed autoxidation of monoterpenes in acetic acid and acetonitrile solutions

Abstract: Oxidation of limonene, α-pinene and β-pinene with dioxygen in acetic acid and acetonitrile solutions containing catalytic amounts of CoCl 2 has been studied. Limonene and α-pinene give both allylic oxidation and epoxidation products in a molar ratio of near 1/1, with chemoselectivities for corresponding products being higher in acetonitrile than those in acetic acid. On the other hand, oxidation of β-pinene leads essentially to allylic products, i.e. highly valuable pinocarveol, pinocarvone, myrtenol and myrtenal. In acetic acid, a combined selectivity for these products does not exceed 40% due to the concomitant substrate isomerization and acetic acid addition, while in acetonitrile, good selectivities of up to 85% at a 40–50% substrate conversion have been achieved.

Infrared Studies of Nitriles as Proton Acceptors in Hydrogen Bond Formation

Abstract: The hydrogen‐bond formation between phenol, methyl alcohol, and pyrrole as proton donors and acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, acrylonitrile, 3‐butenenitrile, and cyanogen bromide as proton acceptors has been studied by the infrared spectroscopic method. Spectra were recorded (CaF2 prism) for the OH and NH stretching modes in binary and ternary solutions. CCl4 was used as the solvent for the latter. In ternary solutions bands for both bonded and unbonded molecules were observed. Temperature dependent spectra were used to obtain the heat of formation of the hydrogen bonds. A correlation between the energy of formation and the corresponding frequency shift, Δν (=νfree—νassoc) could be made. In the binary system with a donor compound as solute and an acceptor compound as solvent, only one band corresponding to the bonded molecule was observed. The intensity of this band increased monotonically with the solute concentration, and no other band was observed even for a concentration of 4 moles/liter. T...

Synthesis and Characterization of an Iron Complex Bearing a Cyclic Tetra-N-heterocyclic Carbene Ligand: An Artifical Heme Analogue?

Abstract: An iron(II) complex with a cyclic tetradentate ligand containing four N-heterocyclic carbenes was synthesized and characterized by means of NMR and IR spectroscopies, as well as by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The iron center exhibits an octahedral coordination geometry with two acetonitrile ligands in axial positions, showing structural analogies with porphyrine-ligated iron complexes. The acetonitrile ligands can readily be substituted by other ligands, for instance, dimethyl sulfoxide, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide. Cyclic voltammetry was used to examine the electronic properties of the synthesized compounds.