Acetonitrile

About: Acetonitrile is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11298 publications have been published within this topic receiving 175275 citations. The topic is also known as: cyanomethane & ethyl nitrile.

Preferential solvation of a hydrophobic probe in binary mixtures comprised of a nonprotic and a hydroxylic solvent: A view of solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions

Abstract: The fluorescence of pyrene, a hydrophobic probe, was investigated in binary mixtures comprising a nonprotic [acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and tetrahydrofurane (THF)] and a protic (water, methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol, and butan-1-ol) solvent. The variation in I/III values, the intensity ratios between the first and third bands in vibronic fine structures of the emission spectra, along with the variation in the more polar component was studied for each binary mixture. A preferential solvation (PS) model was adapted from the literature and successfully applied to the experimental data. In the mixtures containing acetonitrile, pyrene is always preferentially solvated by the nonprotic component. However, the extent of PS by acetonitrile diminishes with a decrease in the polarity of the protic cosolvent. These results were explained by the fact that pyrene is a highly hydrophobic probe. Thus, a replacement of the more polar protic cosolvent for one which is more hydrop...

Fluorescence PET (photo-induced electron transfer) sensor for water based on anthracene-amino acid

Abstract: An anthracene-amino acid system with two carboxyl groups has been designed and synthesized as a new class of fluorescence PET (photo-induced electron transfer) sensor for detection of water in organic solvents. An enhancement in fluorescence is observed with increasing water content in 1,4-dioxane, THF, acetonitrile and ethanol, which is attributable to the suppression of PET by the intramolecular proton transfer of the carboxyl proton to the amino group. The detection limit and quantitation limit are, respectively, 0.1 and 0.3 wt% for 1,4-dioxane, 0.4 and 1.2 wt% for THF, 0.1 and 0.3 wt% for acetonitrile and 0.1 and 0.3 wt% for ethanol.

Speciation of Uranyl Nitrato Complexes in Acetonitrile and in the Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Abstract: Complex formation between the uranyl ion and nitrate ions in acetonitrile and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4mim][Tf2N]) has been studied by absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and uranium LIII EXAFS spectroscopy. The experimental results point to the existence of a trinitrate species [UO2(NO3)3] – with D3h symmetry in both solvents. The atomic distances in the uranium(VI) coordination sphere for the trinitrato complex in acetonitrile are U–Oax = 1.77 0.01 A and U–Oeq = 2.48 0.01 A. EXAFS data show that the uranyl ion in the ionic liquid is surrounded by six oxygen atoms in the equatorial plane at a distance of 2.49 0.01 A. The U–N distance of 2.92 0.01 A indicates a

Solvent and concentration dependence of the hydroxyl chemical shift of methanol

Abstract: Proton NMR chemical shift measurements of the hydroxyl proton in methanol were made as a function of concentration in six solvents: carbon tetrachloride, benzene, chloroform, acetonitrile, acetone and dimethyl sulphoxide. The hydroxyl proton peak shifts by approximately 5 ppm in carbon tetrachloride and benzene, and by lesser amounts in the other solvents. This behaviour is due to hydrogen bonding interactions of the methanol with other methanol molecules or with the solvent, and is correlated with ab initio estimates of solute-solvent hydrogen bond energies.