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Acetonitrile

About: Acetonitrile is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11298 publications have been published within this topic receiving 175275 citations. The topic is also known as: cyanomethane & ethyl nitrile.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that ΔS°t(M++ X−) is relatively independent of M+ and of X− if M+ is Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ and if X− is Cl−, Br−, I−, and ClO−4.
Abstract: Heats of solution of 1:1 electrolytes in acetonitrile have been determined, and enthalpies of transfer of the electrolytes from water to acetonitrile thus calculated. Free energies of transfer of a number of electrolytes from water to nonaqueous solvents have also been determined. Together with previous data, these measurements yield entropies of transfer of electrolytes from water to N-methylformamide (NMF), methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, NN-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone; single-ion entropies of transfer from water to these solvents are tabulated for up to 11 cations and 5 anions. It is shown that ΔS°t(M++ X–) is relatively independent of M+ and of X– if M+ is Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ and if X– is Cl–, Br–, I–, and ClO–4. For transfers to or from water and methanol, this constancy of ΔS°t(M++ X–) is not maintained if M+ is R4N+, Ph4As+, and Ph4P+ and if X– is Ph4B–.“Absolute” single-ion entropies of transfer have been obtained, and a treatment is given that enables these single-ion values to be reproduced accurately, and further single-ion values to be predicted, for transfers from water to NMF, methanol, ethanol, DMSO, acetonitrile, DMF, acetone, formamide and liquid ammonia. For these solvents (other than water and methanol) only one adjustable parameter per solvent is required. It is also shown that the so-called “iceberg effect” for solution of organic ions is very large in water, small in methanol, and non-existent in NMF, ethanol, acetonitrile, DMF, acetone and (possibly) DMSO.

55 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to study the formation of ace-tonitrile CH 3 CN from VUV irradiation of ethylamine.
Abstract: Context. The study of the chemical reactivity in interstellar ices in astrophysical environments is an important tool for understanding the origin of the organic matter in molecular clouds, in protoplanetary disks, and possibly, as a final destination, in our solar system. The laboratory simulations of the reactivity in ice analogs provide important information for understanding the reactivity in these environments. Here, we used these experimental simulations to trace some formation pathways of two nitriles, acetonitrile and amino acetonitrile, which are two potential precursors of amino acids in astrophysical environments. Aims. The purpose of this work is to present the first experimental approach for the formation of acetonitrile and amino acetonitrile in interstellar-like conditions. Methods. We use Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to study the formation at 20 K of ace-tonitrile CH 3 CN from VUV irradiation of ethylamine and of amino acetonitrile NH 2 CH 2 CN from VUV irradiation of ammonia: acetonitrile mixture. Isotopic substitutions are used to confirm identifications. Results. We demonstrate that acetonitrile can be formed at 20 K from the VUV irradiation of ethylamine with a yield of 4%. Furthermore, in presence of ammonia, at 20 K and under VUV irradiation, the acetonitrile can lead to the amino acetonitrile for-mation. These results suggest that acetonitrile and amino acetonitrile can be formed in astrophysical environments that are submitted to VUV irradiations.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two silver complexes were synthesized by electrochemical oxidation of the metal in an acetonitrile solution of the neutral heterocyclic thiones, and single-crystal X-ray analyses were performed for compounds 1, 3 and R2SCH2SR2.
Abstract: Two silver(I) complexes, [{Ag(SR)}6][R1SH = 6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)pyridine-2-thione 1, R2SH = 3,6-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)pyridine-2-thione 2], have been synthesized by electrochemical oxidation of the metal in an acetonitrile solution of the neutral heterocyclic thiones. The reaction of equimolar amounts of dppm [bis(diphenylphosphino)methane] with complexes 1 and 2 in dichloromethane resulted in the formation of [Ag4Cl4(dppm)2]3 and the elimination of RSCH2SR. Single-crystal X-ray analyses were performed for compounds 1, 3 and R2SCH2SR2.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate using acetonitrile as a non-metallic cyanide source was achieved in the presence of Ag2O under ambient air, eliminating the involvement of highly toxic CuCN used in the traditional Sandmeyer reaction as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate using acetonitrile as a non-metallic cyanide source was achieved in the presence of Ag2O under ambient air, eliminating the involvement of highly toxic CuCN used in the traditional Sandmeyer reaction, in which the CN group comes from metallic cyanides. The substrate scope and limitation of this protocol were investigated.

54 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied CO 2 -expanded liquid (CXL) solvent media to heterogeneously catalyzed oxidations and showed that it significantly reduces the use of conventional organic solvents as reaction media and also enhances catalyst stability.
Abstract: CO 2 -expanded liquid (CXL) solvents are known to provide optimum reaction and environmental benefits for certain homogeneously catalyzed oxidations. In this work, CXL solvent media are applied to heterogeneously catalyzed oxidations. The oxidation of cyclohexene is investigated as a model reaction. Conversion/selectivity measurements were made in a stirred batch reactor on a MCM-41 encapsulated iron porphyrin chloride complex ( p =1–127 bar, T =25–50 °C, t =4–12 h), using either dioxygen or iodosylbenzene as oxidant. Neat acetonitrile and CO 2 -expanded acetonitrile are used as reaction media. The pressures required for reaction studies in CO 2 -based media were determined by expansion studies as well as cloud point measurements. For the oxidation with dioxygen, conversion and product yields in CO 2 -expanded acetonitrile (∼30% CO 2 ) almost doubled compared to the neat organic solvent. In contrast, CO 2 -replacement of the organic solvent had a negligible effect on conversion and selectivity values when using iodosylbenzene as oxidant. Our results indicate that CXLs significantly reduce the use of conventional organic solvents as reaction media and also enhance catalyst stability against leaching. These advantages suggest that CXLs are promising media for developing green heterogeneous catalytic processes.

54 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023533
20221,074
2021178
2020172
2019229
2018207