Acetonitrile

About: Acetonitrile is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11298 publications have been published within this topic receiving 175275 citations. The topic is also known as: cyanomethane & ethyl nitrile.

Mechanism of Formation of Li7P3S11 Solid Electrolytes through Liquid Phase Synthesis

Abstract: Crystalline Li7P3S11 is a promising solid electrolyte for all solid-state lithium/lithium ion batteries. A controllable liquid phase synthesis of Li7P3S11 is more desirable than conventional mechanochemical synthesis, but recent attempts suffer from reduced ionic conductivities. Here we elucidate the mechanism of formation of crystalline Li7P3S11 synthesized in the liquid phase [acetonitrile (ACN)]. We conclude that crystalline Li7P3S11 forms through a two-step reaction: (1) formation of solid Li3PS4·ACN and amorphous “Li2S·P2S5” phases in the liquid phase and (2) solid-state conversion of the two phases. The implication of this two-step reaction mechanism for morphology control and the transport properties of liquid phase synthesized Li7P3S11 is identified and discussed.

Improvements in or relating to chemical compounds

Abstract: Copolymers of olefins and carbon monoxide are prepared by heating the olefin in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alkyl phosphine complex of a palladium salt. Preferred catalysts are tributyl phosphine complexes, and those soluble in organic solvents, e.g. ethanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl acetamide and cyclohexane. The preferred olefin is ethylene and hydrogen may be present as molecular weight modifier. In examples ethylene/carbon monoxide gas mixtures are polymerized in the presence of (1) tributyl phosphine/palladous chloride complex in ethanol, (2) tributyl phosphine/palladous chloride complex in acetonitrile, (3) hydrogen and tributyl phosphine/palladous chloride complex in benzene, (4) hydrogen and tributylphosphine/palladous iodide complex in acetonitrile and (5) hydrogen, tirbutyl phosphine and tributylphosphine/palladous chloride complex in benzene.

Triethylammonium bis(tetrafluoromethylsulfonyl)amide protic ionic liquid as an electrolyte for electrical double-layer capacitors

Abstract: This study describes the preparation, characterization and application of [Et3NH][TFSA], either neat or mixed with acetonitrile, as an electrolyte for supercapacitors. Thermal and transport properties were evaluated for the neat [Et3NH][TFSA], and the temperature dependence of viscosity and conductivity can be described by the VTF equation. The evolution of conductivity with the addition of acetonitrile rendered it possible to determine the optimal mixture at 25 °C, with a weight fraction of acetonitrile of 0.5. This mixture was also evaluated for transport properties, and showed a Newtonian behavior, as the neat PIL. An electrochemical study demonstrated, at first, a passivation on Al after the second cyclic voltammogram. Subsequently, the electrochemical window was estimated using a three-electrode cell to 4 V on a platinum electrode, and to 2.5 V on activated carbon. Finally, the neat PIL was found to exhibit good performances as promising electrolyte for supercapacitor applications.

Electropolymerization of Polypyrrole and Polyaniline−Polypyrrole from Organic Acidic Medium

Abstract: Polypyrrole (PPy) grown from organic media and polymeric material produced by coelectropolymerization of pyrrole and aniline in organic acidic media were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cyclic voltammogram of the polypyrrole grown from non aqueous media containing an organic acid (CF3COOH) is not significantly affected up to a 0.5 M CF3COOH concentration in the deposition solution. At higher CF3COOH concentration a shift of the redox waves to more positive potential is observed but the voltammetric charge of the cyclic voltammogram of the polymer and the stabilization potential during the galvanostatic growth of the polymer are barely affected. The coelectropolymerization of pyrrole and aniline was carried out in acetonitrile in the presence of an organic acid (CF3COOH) and an appropriate supporting elec...