Acetonitrile

About: Acetonitrile is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 11298 publications have been published within this topic receiving 175275 citations. The topic is also known as: cyanomethane & ethyl nitrile.

Gas-phase hydrogenation of nitriles by nickel on various supports

Abstract: Gas-phase hydrogenation of benzonitrile and acetonitrile was investigated using 5% nickel on various supports at normal pressure and in a temperature range of 170–230°C. The only products obtained were the corresponding primary amines; however, the catalytic activity was strongly influenced by the support used, being in the order of alumina>titania>silica-alumina>silica. The activity was higher for the catalyst having a smaller degree of nickel dispersion measured by temperature programmed desorption of hydrogen.

An EXAFS spectroscopic study of solvates of copper(I) and copper(II) in acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, and tetrahydrothiophene solutions and a large-angle x-ray scattering study of the copper(II) acetonitrile solvate in solution

Abstract: X-ray absorption edge and EXAFS spectra of the acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine and tetrahydrothiophene solvated copper(I) ions and the acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide solvated copper(II) ions have been measured in solution. Analysis reveals that the copper(I) solvates are most probably tetrahedral, and the following Cu-solvate bond distances have been found: Cu-N = 1.99(2) [angstrom] in acetonitrile, Cu-O = 2.09(4) [angstrom] in dimethyl sulfoxide, Cu-N = 2.06(1) [angstrom] in pyridine, and Cu-S = 2.30(1) [angstrom] in tetrahydrothiophene. The copper(II) solvates are most probably Jahn-Teller distorted octahedrons, and the following equatorial Cu-solvate bond distances have been found: Cu-N = 1.99(1) [angstrom] in acetonitrile, and Cu-O = 1.98(1) [angstrom] in dimethyl sulfoxide. An 1.0 M solution of copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate in acetonitrile has been studied by means of the large-angle X-ray scattering technique, and the following Cu-N and Cu-C distances have been found for the Cu(CH[sub 3]CN)[sub 4][sup 2][sup +] complex: 1.99(1) and 3.12(1) [angstrom], respectively. No solvate molecules in the axial positions could however be seen by any of the technique used. The structure of the tetraaquacopper(I) ion has been assumed to be tetrahedral, and from a correlation between the difference in bond length between the copper(I) and copper(II) solvates and the disproportionationmore » constants of copper(I) in the solvent, the Cu-O bond distance is predicted to be approximately 0.14 [angstrom] longer than the equatorial Cu-O distances in the Jahn-Teller distorted hexaaquacopper(II) complex, thus about 2.13 [angstrom].« less

A Deep Desulfurization Process for Light Oil by Photochemical Reaction in an Organic Two-Phase Liquid−Liquid Extraction System

Abstract: A novel deep desulfurization process of light oil, effected by a combination of photochemical reaction and organic two-phase liquid−liquid extraction, has been investigated. The process is comprised of two stages. The first consists of the transfer of the sulfur-containing compounds from the light oil to an aqueous-soluble polar solvent. This is then followed by the photooxidation and photodecomposition of the sulfur-containing compounds in the solvent by UV irradiation, using a high-pressure mercury lamp. The operations are carried out under conditions of room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Acetonitrile was found to be the most suitable polar solvent for the process. In acetonitrile, dibenzothiophene (DBT) is converted to DBT 5-monoxide and then to DBT 5,5-dioxide, dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxathiin 6-oxide, and aromatic sulfonate or sulfinate anion by the UV irradiation. These products are highly polarized and are therefore not distributed into the nonpolar light oil phase. An adverse effect of naphthalene...

Highly selective and sensitive detection of 4-nitrophenol and Fe3+ ion based on a luminescent layered terbium (III) coordination polymer

Abstract: A luminescent terbium(III)-based coordination polymer, [Tb(BTEC)0.5(HCOO)(H2O)2] (1) has been successfully synthesized by solvothermal reaction of Tb(NO3)3·6H2O with 1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (H4BTEC) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and H2O at 160 °C. Compound 1 possesses dimeric [Tb2(BTEC)4(HCOO)2(H2O)4] building blocks which are linked by BTEC linkers to generate a two-dimentional honeycomb layer. 1 shows intense characteristic green emission in both solid state and organic solvents including acetone, ethanol, acetonitrile, benzene, dichloromethane, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide and water at ambient temperature. Strong emission of 1 could be highly and selectively quenched by 4-nitropenol (4-NP) even in the coexistence of other competing nitroaromatics such as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, nitrobenzene, 4-nitrotolune, 4-bromophenol, phenol, bromobenzene, and 1,2-dimethylbenzene. In addition, 1 exhibited superior selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ ion over other metal ions including Al3+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, K+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Pd2+ and Zn2+ ions. The possible detection mechanisms have been proposed. More interestingly, the trace amounts of 4-NP and Fe3+ ions were selectively detected using visual luminescent test papers based on 1, which could further contributes a credible potential sensing application of coodination polymers for the biological and environmental concerns.