Showing papers on "Acrylic acid published in 1969"

Dehydration kinetics and glass transition of poly(acrylic acid)

Abstract: : The kinetics of dehydration and decarboxylation as well as the glass transition temperature as a function of anhydride content were measured for poly(acrylic acid). It was found that the glass transition of PAA is of the order of 103C and increases with increasing anhydride content, reaching an extrapolated value of 140C for the pure linear anhydride. Anhydride formation is first order reaction, as is also decarboxylation, the latter being much slower than the former. Anhydride formation occurs primarily by an intramolecular process. (Author)

Surgical cements from zinc oxide and aqueous poly(acrylic acid)

Abstract: DENTAL CEMENTS ARE PREPARED BY MIXING A SURGICAL GRADE ZINC OXIDE POWDER WITH AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF POLYACRYLIC ACID TO GIVE A PLASTIC MASS THAT RAPIDLY HARDENS. TYPICAL SOLUTIONS CONTAINS ABOUT 42% BY WEIGHT POLYACRYLIC ACID HAVING A VISCOSITY DETERMINED MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ABOUT 25,000 OR ABOUT 55,000 TO 80,000. THE CEMENTS HAVE GREATER ADHESION AND CAUSE LESS IRRITATION THAN CONVENTIONAL ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENTS.

Physiologically acceptible elastomeric article

Abstract: There is provided improved synthetic articles of manufacture which are physiologically acceptable when utilized in warmblooded animals as medical devices. The articles of manufacture comprise extensible substrates coated with poly(acrylic acid) or poly(methacrylic acid).

Method of producing betaines, monomers and polymers containing betaine-type units and novel and useful copolymers thereby obtained

Abstract: An improved method is provided for producing polymers of organic compounds, such as ethylenically unsaturated monomers, containing a betaine-type group of the formula: ##STR1## The method involves the reaction of acrylic acid or aqueous methyl acrylate and an aminoalkyl (meth)acrylate or an N-amino-alkyl (meth)acrylamide having a basic tertiary nitrogen atom in the presence of a free radical initiator. The monomers undergo vinyl addition polymerization to form valuable polymers having a wide variety of uses, such as flocculants, retention aids in the deposition of polymers, pigments, etc. on the fibers in a paper pulp, e.g., in the formation of mineral-filled papers.

Role of cations in radiation grafting and homopolymerization

Abstract: The grafting of acrylic acid in aqueous solution to nylon 6 film has been studied in the presence of ferrous, ferric, and cupric salts. The mutual irradiation technique was adopted using a 60Co source. The anions were found to have no effect on the grafting or homopolymerization, but both of these processes were suppressed by the cations in the following order of effectiveness: Cu2+ > Fe2+ > Fe3+. The rate constant for the capture of hydroxyl radicals by acrylic acid has been determined as 6 × 109 1. mole−1 sec−1 by pulse radiolysis using the CNS− competition method. By invoking this result, mechanisms have been suggested for the process of chain termination by metal cations.

Adhesive compositions containing styrene/isobutylene copolymer

Abstract: This invention discloses a new hot-melt, pressure-sensitive adhesive composition comprising a primary polymer consisting of a solid, homogeneous and essentially random copolymer of styrene and isobutylene having a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 4,000, a heterogeneity index of from about 1.50 to about 2.25 and a styrene content of from about 40 to about 90 weight percent, and a secondary polymer selected from the group consisting of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, a copolymer of ethylene and an alkyl acrylate, a polyvinyl-alkyl ether, a terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid, and a terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate and methacrylic acid.

Method of preparing high-solids latexes of olefin polymers

Abstract: Fluid, high-solids latexes of normally solid, water and alkali insoluble thermoplastic organic addition polymers containing a plurality of acid groups in the polymer structure are prepared by (1) heating a low-solids aqueous emulsion of the polymer, e.g., ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer, at the softening point of the polymer while simultaneously lowering the pH of the emulsion to a value between about 6.0 and about 8.3 and (2) concentrating the emulsion.

Copolymers of maleic acid and acrylic acid

Abstract: COPOLYMER OF MALERIC ACID AND ARCYLIC ACID ARE PREPARED BY POLYMERIZING A MIXTURE OF MALEIC ACID AND ACRYLIC ACID IN WATER IN TEH PRESENC OF A POLYMERIZATION CATALYST. THE COPOLYMERS PRODUCED IN THIS MANNER ARE WATERSOLUBLE, CLEAR AND FLEXIBLE, AND AE USEFUL AS SURFACE COATINGS. THE COPOLYMERS ARE PARTICULARLY USEFUL AS TEXTILE SIZING COMPOSITIONS FOR FILTERS AND YARNS.

Continuous Production of Graft Copolymers of Starch with Acrylamide and Acrylic Acid by Electron Preirradiation

Abstract: The development of practical processes, involving electron preirradiation, for large-scale production of graft copolymers of starch with acrylamide (AA) and acrylic acid (AAc) was studied. In the p...

Process for the preparation of unsaturated acids

Abstract: ALPHA-BETA UNSATURATED OLEFINS, PARTICULARLY PROPYLENE, ARE OZIDIZED IN THE VAPOR PHASE BY MOLECULAR OXYGEN, WITH THE PRODUCTION OF THE CORRESPONDING UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, PARTICULARLY ACRYLIC ACID.

Tetravinyl-unsaturated resin paint composition and painting process

Abstract: A SUBSTRATE IS COATED WITH A FILM-FORMING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A UNIQUE TETRAVINYL COMPOUND HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT BELOW ABOUT 350, PREFERABLY IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 220 TO ABOUT 1,1100, AND AN ALPHABETA OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED PAINT BINDER RESIN HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT IN EXCESS OF ABOUT 1,000, PREFERABLY IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 2,000 TO ABOUT 20,000, IS CONVERTED INTO A TENACIOUSLY ADHERING, SOLVENT-RESISTANT, WEAR AND WEATHER-RESISTANT COATING BY EXPOSING THE COATED SUBSTRATE TO IONIZING RADIATION, PREFERABLY IN THE FORM OF AN ELECTRON BEAM. THIS TETRAVINYL COMPOUND IS FORMED BY FIRST REACTING A DIEPOXIDE WITH ACRYLIC ACID AND/OR METHACRYLIC ACID AND SUBSEQUENTLY REACTING THE RESULTANT ESTER CONDENSATION PRODUCT WITH A VINYL UNSATURATED ACYL HALIDE.

Oxidation of unsaturated aldehydes to the corresponding acids

Abstract: PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES TO THE CORRESPONDING UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, E.G. ACROLEIN TO ACRYLIC ACID, BY REACTING THE UNSATURATED ALDEHYDE WITH OXYGEN IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST OF THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA MOAVBWCMNDOE.

Tetravinyl paint composition and painting process

Abstract: A SUBSTRATE IS COATED WITH A FILM-FORMING COMPOSITION COMPRISING UNIQUE TETRAVINYL COMPOUND AND THE COATING IS CONVERTED TO A TENACIOUSLY ADHERING, SOLVENT-RESISTANT, WEAR-AND-WEATHER-RESISTANT COATING BY EXPOSING THE COATED SUBSTRATE TO IONIZING RADIATION, PREFERABLY IN THE FORM OF AN ELECTRON BEAM. THIS TETRAVINYL COMPOUND IS FORMED BY FIRST REACTING A DIEPOXIDE WITH ACRYLIC ACID AND/ OR METHACRYLIC ACID AND SUBSEQUENTLY REACTING THE RESULTANT ESTER CONDENSATION PRODUCT WITH A VINYL UNSATURATED ACYL HALIDE.

Counterion binding in partially neutralized poly(D‐glutamic acid) and poly(DL‐glutamic acid)

Abstract: Sodium counterion association with partially neutralized poly(D-glutamic acid) or poly(DL-glutamic acid) was measured by use of Wall's transference method with radioactive sodium. In the region where both polyacids are in completely random coil form, fractions of association were considerably less than that with poly(acrylic acid) in the same region of degree of neutralization. Even in the region where poly (D-glutamic acid) is in the helical form, the fraction of association was less than that with poly(acrylic acid) in the same region. No pronounced characteristics attributable to counterion association corresponding to the helix–coil transition could be found. The association phenomena were discussed on the basis of a rodlike model of polyelectrolyte.

Process for esterifying acrylic acid

Abstract: A continuous process for producing an acrylate which comprises reacting acrylic acid with methanol or ethanol using the reactive-distillation method wherein acrylic acid is fed into the upper section of a distillation column and an alcohol is fed into the lower section. The reactive-distillation is carried out by maintaining a reflux ratio at 1 or less thereby distilling out the ester produced with almost all of the water added and produced through the reaction of esterification from the top of the column and high boiling point materials by-produced are discharged from the bottom of said column in a state substantially free from unreacted acrylic acid.

Improvements relating to surgical cements

Abstract: 1,139,430 Polyacrylic acid and surgical cements made therefrom; metal oxide cements NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP 27 Dec, 1967 [30 Dec, 1966], No 58472/66 Headings C3N and C3P Surgically acceptable aqueous solutions of polyacrylic acid having a concentration of at least 40 weight per cent and a viscosity average molecular weight of 15,000 to 150,000 may be prepared by adding an aqueous solution of acrylic acid and preferably an aqueous solution of ammonium persulphate to an aqueous solution of ammonium persulphate maintained at 80‹ to 85‹ C and if necessary removing some water from the resulting polymer solution to give the required concentration The acrylic acid and/or ammonium persulphate solutions may also contain isopropanol The polyacrylic acid solutions may be mixed with surgically acceptable zinc oxide powders in a weight ratio of powder to solution of 0A5 : 1 to 4: 1 to give surgical cements The zinc oxide may contain conventional additives such as magnesium oxide, bismuth oxide, calcium phosphate and calcium fluoride

Method for producing foamed article from polypropylene

Abstract: A method of producing a foamed article having a uniform cellular structure using a modified polypropylene produced by irradiating polypropylene with an ionizing radiation of from 0.1 to 5.0 megarad and graft-copolymerizing the irradiated polypropylene with from 0.5 - 6 percent by weight divinyl benzene or with from 0.5 - 6 percent by weight of divinyl benzene and not more than 10 percent by weight of an acrylic acid ester.

Dispersible suspensions of functional polymers

Abstract: WATER-DISPERSIBLE, FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS, SUCH AS LINEAR OR PARTIALLY CROSSLINKED HOMOPOLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS OF ACRYLAMIDE OR ACRYLIC ACID, ARE SLURRIED IN A WATER MISCIBLE NON-SOLVENT. WATER OR A LIQUID ORGANIC SWELLING AGENT IS INCORPORATED INTO THE SLURRY TO PARTIALLY SOLVATE AND THEREBY SWELL THE WATER DISPERSIBLE SOLIDS. THIS REDUCES THEIR BULK DENSITY THEREBY DECREASING THE TENDENCY OF THE POLYMER SOLIDS TO SETTLE OUT OF SUSPENSION AND AT THE SAME TIME PROVES THEIR WATER-DISPERSIBILITY. SUCH POLYMER SUSPENSIONS ARE EASILY MAINTAINED OR REFORMED BY THE APPLICATION OF MILD AGITATION.

Thermosetting coating compositions

Abstract: THERMOSETTING COATING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING A THERMOPLASTIC COPOLYMER (COMPONENT A) CONSISTING OF 15 TO 99% BY WEIGHT OF A MONOMER (I) HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA CH2=C(-R1)-COO-(CH2-CH(-R2)-OOC-(1,2-PHENYLENE)-COO)N- CH2-CH(-R2)-OH WHEREIN R1 IS HYDROGEN, METHYL OR ETHYL, R2 IS HYDROGEN, METHYL OR THE CONBINATION OF HYDROGEN AND METHYL AND A IS 1 TO 3,1 TO 25% BY WEIGHT OF AN A,B-MONOETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID (MONOMER (II) OF ACRYLIC ACID, METHACRYLIC ACID, ITACONIC ACID OR CROTONC ACID AND 0 TO 89% BY WEIGHT OF AN A,B-MONOETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUND (MONOMER (III), COPOLYMERIZABLE WITH THE MONOMERS (I) AND (II) AND AN ALKYLATED AMINOPLAST (COMPONENT (B) WHICH IS A CONDENSATE OF A COMPOUND HAVING ONE OR MORE TRIAZINE RINGS IN ONE MOLECULE, FORMAIDEHYDE AND A SATURATED MONOHYDRIC ALCOHOL HAVING 1 TO 6 CARBON ATOMS, A MIXTURE RATIO OF THE COMPONENT (A) TO THE COMPONENT (B) BEING FROM 60/40 TO 50/10.

Polyacrylic desalination membranes. I. Synthesis and characterization

Abstract: A new class of desalination membranes has been developed. The membranes were prepared by polymerizing mixtures of two hydrophilic monomers (N-methyloacrylamide and acrylic acid), a hydrophobic monomer (ethyl acrylate) and a hydrophobic crosslinking monomer (trimethylol propane trimethacrylate) followed by heat treatment. The membranes were homogeneous, averaging about 6 mils in thickness. They were characterized by measuring water contents and salt distribution coefficients using an immersion technique. The fractional water contents in the membranes varied between 0.16 and 0.44 as the molal salt distribution coefficients increased from ca. 0.22 to 0.43. Increasing contents of the hydrophobic monomer and/or crosslinking monomer led to decreased water and salt contents, as expected. A model is postulated in which the water is assumed to be distributed within the polymer in two forms: (1) as primary water, hydrogen-bonded with hydrophilic polymer groups, and (2) secondary water, imbibed with salt from the external solution into hydrophilic regions or defects within the polymer matrix. It was found that primary water content was approximately constant for all compositions and varied between ca. 2–3 moles of primary water/mole of hydrophilic monomer in the membrane.

Photographic films comprising an adhesivesubbing layer for a photographic emulsion

Abstract: Photographic films comprising a biaxially oriented polyester film support having on at least one surface a thin layer of a tri-component copolymer of: A. ABOUT 70 TO 90 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF VINYL ACETATE, B. ABOUT 7 TO 40 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF A LOWER ALKYL ACRYLATE, AND C. ABOUT 3 TO 30 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF AN UNSATURATED ACID OF THE GROUP COMPRISING ITACONIC ACID, FUMARIC ACID, ACRYLIC ACID OR METHACRYLIC ACID, AND CARRIED BY SAID LAYER A WATER-PERMEABLE COLLOID, SILVER HALIDE EMULSION LAYER. The novel copolymers are useful for substrata for drafting films. The substrata can contain pigments or dyes.

Method for the separation of acrylic acid from aqueous solution containing acrylic acid and acetic acid

Abstract: IN THE PROCESS FOR SEPARATING ACRYLIC ACID FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING ACRYLIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID, THE IMPROVEMENT WHHICH COMPRISES SUBJECTING THE SAID AQUEOUS SOLUTION TO AN AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION IN THE PRESENCE OF AT LEAST ONE MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BUTYL ACETATE, ETHYL BUTYRATE, ETHYL ISOBUTYRATE, ETHYL METHACRYLATE, PROPYL ACRYLATE AND PROPYL PROPIONATE AS AN ENTRAINER, DISTILLING OFF ACETIC ACID AND WATER FROM THE COLUMN HEAD AND SEPARATING ACRYLIC ACID FROM THE COLUMN BOTTOM.

Laminating metal to polyolefin with an organic peroxide and a terpolymer of ethylene, t-butyl acrylate and acrylic acid

Abstract: A process for bonding or laminating materials by means of terpolymers of ethylene, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and an ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. It is a characteristic of the process that the terpolymers are used with an addition of an organic peroxide having the general formula R1-O-O-R2 or R1-O-O-X-O-O-R2 in which R1 and R2 denote hydrogen atoms or alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl or acyl radicals and X denotes an aliphatic, aromatic, aromatic-aliphatic or aliphatic-aromatic radical.

Stabilization of acrylic acid or esters thereof

Abstract: A process for inhibiting polymerization of acrylic acid or esters thereof and a process for stabilizing a distillation operation of acrylic acid or esters thereof through the joint use of multiple polymerization inhibitors, i.e., hydroquinone, phenol and air (or oxygen) in specified amounts.

Divinyl-resin paints and painting process

Abstract: A SUBSTRATE IS COATED WITH A FILM-FORMING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A UNIQUE DIVINYL COMPOUND AND AN ALPHA-BETA OLEFINICALLY UNSATURATED PAINT BINDER RESIN HAVING A MOLECULAR WEIGHT IN EXCESS OF ABOUT 1,000, PREFFERABLY IN THE RANGE OF ABOUT 2,000 TO ABOUT 20,000 AND THE COATING IS CONVERTED INTO A TENACIOUSLY ADHERING, SOLVENT-RESISTANT, WEAR AND WEATHER-RESISTANT COATING BY EXPOSING THE COATED SUBSTRATE TO IONIZING RADIATION, PREFERABLY IN THE FORM OF AN ELECTRON BEAM. THIS DIVINYL COMPOUND IS FORMED BY FIRST REACTING A MONOEPOXIDE WITH ACRYLIC ACID AND/OR METHACRYLIC ACID AND SUBSEQUENTLY REACTING THE RESULTANT MONOVINYL ESTER CONDENSATION PRODUCT WITH A VINYL UNSATURATED ACYL HALIDE.

Divinyl paint composition and painting process

Abstract: A SUBSTRATE IS COATED WITH A FILM-FORMING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A UNIQUE DIVINYL COMPOUND AND THE COATING IS CONVERTED TO A TENACIOUSLY ADHERING, SOLVENT-RESISTANT, WEAR AND WEATHER-RESISTANT, PREFERABLY IN THE FORM OF AN ELECTRON BEAM. THIS DIVINYL COMPOUND IS FORMED BY FIRST REACTING A DIEPOXIDE WITH ACRYLIC ACID AND/OR METHACRYLIC ACID AND SUBSEQUENTLY REACTING THE RESULTANT ESTER CONDENSATION PRODUCT WITH A SATURATED ACYL HALIDE.

Dihydrodicyclopentadienyl acrylate prepar - ation from dicyclopentadiene and acrylic

Abstract: Dihydrodicyclopentadienyl acrylatr (I), useful in production of impact-proof (co)polymers e.g. with acrylonitrile or styrene, is prepared by reacting dicyclopentadiene with 1.1-5 times molar excess acrylic acid, containing 0.05-0.3 wt.% polymerisation inhibitor, in the presence of acid catalysts at 40-110 degrees C extracting the mixture with water and separating (I) from aqs. layer. Reaction and working up take place in absence of metal salts, in steel vessels with inner surface completely enamelled coated with plastic or lined with ceramic so that reaction mixture does not contact the metal, and so that emulsifying is completely prevented.

Grafting acrylic acid monomer to poly‐(vinyl alcohol) and methyl cellulose by ceric ion

Abstract: A graft copolymer of acrylic acid on poly(vinyl alcohol) was prepared by use of the ceric ion–polyol redox system in aqueous medium. The graft copolymer obtained was water-soluble under the specified experimental conditions. The efficiency of grafting was determined by measuring carboxyl group content (as expected from acrylic acid unit) in the copolymer by applying the newly developed reverse dye-partition technique. The graft copolymer was also characterized by viscosity and solubility measurements. The effect of varying concentration of catalyst, monomer, and grafting time has also been determined.

Dispersants prepared from polyamines and alkaryl carboxylic acids

Abstract: An oil-soluble additive useful for improving the properties of a fuel oil, a lubricating oil, a heating oil, a gasoline or the like is prepared by heating an aliphatic polyamine or amino alcohol with an alkylated aryl carboxylic acid at a temperature that causes the splitting out of water. The carboxylic acid is prepared by thermal diene addition of an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon such as paraffin-wax-alkylated naphthalene, or of a ring-substituted hydroxy, amino, or vinyl derivative of such hydrocarbon, with an unsaturated monobasic acid, or with an unsaturated polybasic acid or its anhydride, such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or the like. The additive can be modified by treatment with phosphorous acid.