Showing papers on "Acrylic acid published in 1970"

[45] Preparation of chorismic acid

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the preparation of chorismic acid. Chorismic acid [ α -(5-carboxy-l, 2-dihydro-2-hydroxyphenoxy) acrylic acid] has not been synthesized chemically but is readily accumulated by the cell suspensions of a multiply-blocked strain of Aerobacter aerogenes with metabolic blocks in the biosynthetic pathways leading to tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine. As the organism used is capable of forming anthranilate from chorismate, the cells therefore are grown in a medium containing tryptophan to repress anthranilate synthetase. The cells are then transferred to an accumulation mixture from which the free acid is isolated. Chorismic acid gives well-defined crystals but retains solvent molecules. Crystals and solutions should be stored at-15°. Chorismic acid solutions always contain some of the decomposition products. In aqueous solution, chorismic acid has λ max 275 m μ . Although the extinction coefficient may be used as a means of estimating the concentration of pure chorismic acid, the solid or solutions slowly decompose giving a mixture of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and prephenic acid, the latter being readily converted into phenylpyruvic acid under acid conditions.

Secondary oil recovery method using n-sulfohydrocarbon-substituted acrylamide polymers as viscosity increasing agents

Abstract: Polymers of N-sulfohydrocarbon-substituted acrylamides, especially 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, are useful for controlling the viscosity of aqueous media used in waterflooding operations for secondary petroleum recovery. The preferred polymers are homopolymers and copolymers with acrylic acid or acrylamides.

Acrylate adhesive tape and composition

Abstract: A self cross-linking pressure-sensitive acrylate adhesive and tape based on an adhesive copolymer of monomers comprising a major amount of a medium chain length alkyl acrylate monomer and preferably a minor amount of a cohesion inducing short chain monomer, plus a very small amount of an alkoxy silyl polymerizable cross-linking monomer and a relatively small amount, i.e., about 2-6 parts by weight of the total monomer solids, of a catalytic acid monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid. The catalytic acid monomer acts as a built-in or internal catalyst which causes the adhesive copolymer to be self crosslinking. A stabilization system for this self cross-linking system also is disclosed.

Ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer emulsions

Abstract: THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO THE PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN AQUEOUS ETHYLENE/ACRYLIC ACID EMULSION COMPRISING MIXING A RANDOM INTERPOLYMER OF ETHYLENE AND ACRYLIC ACID, SAID INTERPOLYMER CONTAINING FROM 2 TO 30 WEIGHT PERCENT POLYMERIZED ACRYLIC ACID AND HAVING A MELT INDEX OF FROM 1 TO 1000 DECIGRAMS PER MINUTE WITH AN EMULSIFYING AMOUNT OF AN ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE AND FROM 5 TO 25 WEIGHT PERCENT, BASED ON THE WEIGHT OF SAID COPOLYMER, OF WATER, HEATING SAID MIXTURE WITH AGITATION TO A TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 150 TO 200*C. AND ADDING SUFFICIENT WATER TO PROVIDE AN EMULSION CONTAINING NO GREATER THAN ABOUT 50 WEIGHT PERCENT OF SAID COPOLYMER. EMULSIONS CONTAINING THE AFOREMENTIONED ETHYLENE COPOLYMERS ARE ALSO DISCLOSED.

Process of preventing scale and deposit formation in aqueous systems and product

Abstract: FORMATION OF SCALE AND INCRUSTATION IN AQUEOUS SYSTEMS IS PREVENTED BY THE ADDITION OF A MIXTURE COMPOSED OF (A) AN AMINO ALKYLEN PHOSPHONIC ACID AND OF (B) AN ACRYLIC OR METHACRYLIC ACID POLYMER OR A COPOLYMER OF ACRYLIC ACID AND METHACRYLIC ACID, OR A COPOLYMER OF ACRYLIC ACID AND/OR METHACRYLIC ACID WITH A POLYMERIZABLE, ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUND, OR A GRAFT POLYMER OF A POLYSACCHARIDE AND ESPECIALLY OF STARCH, DEXTRIN, AND MODIFIED STARCH WITH SAID ACRYLIC AND/OR METHACRYLIC ACID POLYMERS AND COPOLYMERS, PREFERABLY IN SUBSTOICHIOMETRIC AMOUNTS CALCULATED FOR THE SCALE AND HARDNESS CAUSING COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN THE AQUEOUS SYSTEM.

Acrylic acid derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidines

Abstract: NEW ACRYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES HAVING THE FORMULAE I AND II 2,2,6,6-TETRA(CH3-),4-R1,4-(R3-CH=C(-R2)-CO-X-)PIPERIDINE 1-(R3-CH=C(-R2)-CO-),2,2,6,6-TETRA(CH3-),4-R1, 4-(R3-CH=C(-R2)-CO-X-)PIPERIDINE (II) WHEREIN R1 REPRESENTS HYDROGEN ATOM OR CYANO GROUP; R2 AND R3 MAY BE THE SAME OR DIFFERENT AND EACH REPRESENTS HYDROGEN ATOM OR METHYL GROUP; AND X REPRESENTS IMINO GROUP OR OXYGEN ATOM. THEY ARE USEFUL AS A STABILIZER FOR THE DETERIORATION OF VARIOUS SYNTHETIC POLYMERS AND ALSO COPOLYMERIZED TO FORM NEW HIGHLY LIGHT-STABLE POLYMERIC COMPOUNDS. THE ACRYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES (I) AND (II) ARE PRODUCED BY REACTING A PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVE HAVING THE FORMULA 2,2,6,6-TETRA(CH3-),4-R1,4-(H-X-)PIPERIDINE (III) WHEREIN R1 AND X ARE AS DEFINED ABOVE WITH A REACTIVE DERIVATIVE OF AN UNSATURATED ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID HAVING THE FORMULA R3-CH=C(-R2)-COOH WHEREIN R2 ND R3 ARE AS DEFINED ABOVE.

Self-crosslinking vinyl acetate-ethylene latexes

Abstract: An aqueous latex of a vinyl ester polymer is described which has the property of forming self-curing films without the use of an extraneous curing additive. The latex is useful as a binder, particularly for non-woven fibers, or for wood panel coating or textile coating. The polymer comprises a major proportion of a vinyl ester monomer, typically vinyl acetate, which is interpolymerized with ethylene, a minor amount of a synergistic combination of cross-linking reactive comonomers, typically Nmethylolacrylamide and diallyl maleate, and a cure-catalyzing amount of an ethylenically mono-unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid. The polymer is dispersed in an aqueous emulsion using an anionic or nonionic surfactant or mixtures thereof, typically a mixture of an alkaryl polyether alcohol and an alkali metal sulfosuccinate half ester of an ethoxylated alcohol.

Polymerization inhibition of acrylic acid

Abstract: The inhibition of the polymerization of acrylic acid and a process for stabilizing the distillation of acrylic acid using a combination of a polymerization inhibitor, such as diphenylamine or its derivatives, and an oxygen-containing gas, or mixtures of polymerization inhibitors, such as diphenylamine or its derivatives, with benzoquinone and/or hydroquinone mono-methylether, and an oxygen-containing gas are disclosed.

Conditioning polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces for use in vascular prostheses

Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces have been treated to reduce thrombogenicity in order to make them suitable for use in prosthetic devices that come in contact with blood. This was done by first etching the surface with potassium in liquid ammonia to produce double bonds and then using these double bonds as sites for grafting on polyacids or as sites for chemical reactions. Tubes so treated were tested for thrombo-genetic activity by implantation in the thoracic aorta or inferior vena cava of dogs. These tests showed that the thrombogenicity of a polytetrafluoroethylene surface can be reduced by attaching negatively charged groups provided the surface concentration of these groups is not too high (order of 1–2 × 10−6 equivalent per cm2 geometric area) and provided the distribution of these groups is uniform. Sulfonic acid groups obtained by chlorosulfonation and carboxyl groups attached by grafting tert-butyl crotonate and hydrolyzing to crotonic acid were effective. Long chains of poly(acrylic acid), poly-(ethylenesulfonic acid), and poly(vinyl alcohol) sulfate were less effective.

Process for isolating acrylic acid from aqueous crude acrylic acid by extraction with a ketone and plural stage distillation

Abstract: Pure acrylic acid is isolated from an aqueous crude acid containing acrylic acid together with minor proportions of acetic acid, formaldehyde and high boilers boiling at a temperature higher than 220 DEG C by liquid-liquid extraction with the use of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone and/or isophorone as the extractant(s). To this end, the aqueous acrylic acid-containing crude acid is subjected in an extraction zone to counterflow extraction with the use of the extractant(s) and with the resultant formation of an organic extract containing acrylic acid, acetic acid, high boilers and minor proportions of water, which are dissolved in the extractant; the extract is introduced approximately into the midsection of a first distilling column, which is operated under reduced pressure; the base product of said first distilling column, containing the high boilers and the extractant(s) is recycled to the extraction zone; distillate containing acrylic acid, acetic acid, water and minor proportions of extractant(s) is delivered approximately to the midsection of a second distilling column, which is operated under reduced pressure; a mixture of water and extractant(s) is distilled off; the base product of said second distilling column, containing acrylic acid and acetic acid is introduced into a third distilling column, which is operated under reduced pressure; and acetic acid is separated therein as a distillate and acrylic acid is separated therein as the base product.

Self-crosslinking vinyl acetate latices

Abstract: AN AQUEOUS LATEX OF A VINYL ESTER POLYMER IS DESSCRIBED WHICH HAS THE PROPERTY OF FORMING SELF-CURING FILMS WITHOUT THE USE OF AN EXTRANEOUS CURING ADDITIVE. THE LATEX IS USEFUL AS A BINDER, PARTICULARLY FOR NON-WOVEN FIBRES, OR FOR WOOD PANEL COATING OR TEXTILE COATING. THE POLYMER COMPRISES A MAJOR PROPORTION OF AVINYL ESTER MONOMER, TYPICALLY VINYL ACETATE, WHICH IS INTERPOLYMERIZED WITH POLYMERIZABLE COMONOMERS COMPRISING A FILM-FORMINGTEMPERATURE REGULATING AMOUNT OF A COMONOMER, TYPICALLY AN ACRYLATE ESTER, A MINOR AMOUNT OF CROSS-LINKING REACTIVE COMONOMERS, TYPICALLY N-METHYLOLCRYLAMIDE AND A CURE CATALYZING AMOUNT OF AN ETHYLENICALLY MONO-UNSATURATED CARBOXYLIC ACID SUCH AS ACRYLIC ACID. IN A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT, A MINOR AMOUNT OF A SYUNERGISTIC, SECOND CROSS-LINKING AGENT IS USED AS DIALLYL MALEATE. THE POLYMER IS DISPERSED IN AN AQUEOUS EMULSION USING AN ANIONIC OR NONIONIC SURFACTANT OR MIXTURES THEREOF, TYPICALLY A MIXTURE OF AN ALKARYL POLYETHER ALCOHOL AND AN ALKALI METAL SULFOSUCCINATE HALF ESTER OF AN ETHOXYLATED ALCOHOL.

Method of treating shaped articles with betaine-type polymers and the articles thereby obtained

Abstract: SHAPED ARTICLES, MORE PARTICULARLY FABRICS OF VARIOUS FIBERS, ESPECIALLY COTTON AND/OR HYDROPHOBIC SYNTHETIC FIBERS, E.G., OF LINEAR POLYESTERS (SUCH AS OF POLYETHYLENEGYLCOL TEREPHTHALATE) ARE TREATED WITH POLYMERS OF BETAINES OR SULFOBETAINES OR COPOLYMERS THEREOF WITH OR WITHOUT ACRYLIC ACID AND/OR AN ACRYLIC ESTER, SUCH AS METHYL ACRYLATE-PREFERABLY THE TREATING COMPOSITION ALSO CONTAINS AN AMINOPLST CONDENSATE CAPABLE OF IMPARTING CREASEPROOFING, WINKELPROOFING, AND DURABLE PRESS CHARACTERISTICS ON CURING WITH AN ACIDIC CATALYST. THE PROCESS AND TREATED FABRICS ARE CLAIMED.

Colloidal dispersions of ammonia-comminuted particles of methyl methacrylate-acid copolymers

Abstract: AQUEOUS COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS OF SOLID PARTICLES OF AN INTERPOLYMER IN WHICH AT LEAST 95 PERCENT BY NUMBER OF SAID PARTICLES HAVE DIAMETERS OF 0.1 TO 0.01 MICRON, AND SAID INTERPOLYMER HAS A WEIGHT AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AT LEAST 10,000 AND CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF 20-99 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF METHYL METHACRYLATE, 0-75, PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ESTER SELECTED ROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKYL ACRYLATES HAVING 4 TO 16 CARBON ATOMS AND ALKYL METHACRYLATES HAVING FROM 6 TO 16 CARBON ATOMS, 0-40 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COPOLYMERIZABLE MONOMER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF STYRENE, VINYL ACETATE, VINYL FLUORIDE, VINYL CHLORIDE, VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE AND VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, AND ACID SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF 1-8 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ACRYLIC ACID, 108 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF METHACRYLIC ACID, 4-8 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF MALEIC ACID, AND 4-8 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ITACONIC ACID. THESE DISPERSIONS ARE PREPARED BY ADDING TO A MIXTURE OF WATER AND SOLID PARTICLES OF SAID INTERPOLYMER (A) 30-150 PERCENT OF THE STOICHIOMETRIC AMOUNT OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE REQUIRED TO NEUTRALIZE THE ACID PRESENT IN SAID INTERPOLYMER AND (B) WHEN THE SECOND ORDER TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF THE INTERPOLYMER IS ABOVE 35*C., AN AMOUNT OF UP TO 1 PART PER PART BY WEIGHT OF SAID INTERPOLYMER, EFFECTIVE TO RENDER SAID INTERPOLYMER COLLOIDALLY DISPERSIBLE, OF A LIQUID ORGANIC COMMINUTION AGENT WHICH IS CAPABLE OF AT LEAST SWELLING THE INTERPOLYMER PARTICLES AND IS INERT TOWARD THE AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, AND VIGOROUSLY AGITATING THE RESULTING MIXTURE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 40-100*C. UNTIL A REDUCTION IN THE SIZE OF THE INTERPOLYMER PARTICLES TAKES PLACE SUCH THAT AT LEAST 95 PERCENT BY NUMBER OF SAID PARTICLES HAVE DIAMETERS OF LESS THAN 0.1 MICRON.

Certain low viscosity thermosetting acrylic resins and their use as binders in dental filling compositions

Abstract: THE COMPOUNDS OF THE FORMULAE: (3-(CH2=C(-R)-COO-),2-HO-CYCLOPENT-1-YL)2-O, 1,3-DI(CH2= C(-R)-COO-CH2-CH(-OH)-CH2-O-)BENZENE, AND 1-(CH2=C(-R)- COO-),4-(CH2=C(-R)-COO-CH2-CH(-OH)-),2-HO-CYCLOHEXANE WHEREIN R IS HYDROGEN, LOWER ALKYL, OR HALOGEN, ARE UTILIZED AS THERMOSETTING BINDERS FOR DENTAL RESTORATIVE COMPOSITIONS. THE COMPOUNDS ARE PREPARED BY THE REACTION OF THE APPROPRIATE DIEPOXIDE WITH ACRYLIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF.

Blend of styrene polymers for use in floor polish compositions

Abstract: A floor polish composition having excellent resistance to plasticizer migration contains water, a mixture of a styrene copolymer (styrene and acrylic or methacrylic acid) and a styrene multi-polymer (styrene, acrylic acid, an ester of acrylic acid and acrylonitrile) and suitable waxes, alkali soluble resins and surfactants.

Swellable polymers of methacrylic and acrylic acid esters

Abstract: THE POLYMERIZATION OF DIMETHACRYLATE AND DIACRYLATE ESTERS OF ALKYLENE AND POLYALKYLENE GLYCOLS OF THE FORMULA R-(O-CH(-X)-CH2)N-O-CH(-X)-CH2-O-R WHEREIN N IS AN INTEGER FROM 0 TO 10**5 AND TRIMETHACRYLATE AND TRIACRYLATE ESTERS OF POLYALKYLENE OXIDE TRIOLS OF THE FORMULA R-O-(CH(-X)-CH2-O)N1-CH2-CH(-(O-CH2-CH(-X))N3-O-R)-CH2- (O-CH2-CH(-X))N2-O-R WHEREIN N1, N2 AND N3 ARE INTEGERS THE SUM OF WHICH IS FROM 3 TO 10**4, X IN EACH INSTANCE BEING H OR CH3 AND R BEING THE ACYL GROUP OF METHACRYLIC OR ACRYLIC ACID, OPTIONALLY IN THE PRESENCE OF UP TO 40% BY WEIGHT OF AN ADDITIONAL CROSS-LINKING AGENT, PRODUCES SWELLABLE GELS USEFUL AS GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY AGENTS.

Method for producing unsaturated carboxylic acid esters

Abstract: UNSATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS WHICH ARE ADDITION COMPOUNDS OF AN OLEFIN TO A (METH) ACRYLIC ACID ESTER, OR UNSATURATED DICARBOXYLIC ACID DIESTERS WHICH ARE ADDITION COMPOUNDS IF AN OLEFIN OR AN UNSATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIX ACID ESTER TO A (METH) ACRYLIC ACID ESTER, CAN BE PRODUCED WITH A HIGH YEILD AND WITHOUT FORMING ISOMER, BY REACTING SAID OLEFIN OR SAID UNSATURATED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER WITH SAID (METH) ACRYLIC ACID ESTER, AT A TEMPERTURE RANGING FROM ROOM TEMPERATURE TO 250*C., IN THE PRESENCE OF AIX3 (WHEREIN X IS CI OR BR).

The adiabatic compressibility of poly(acrylic acid) and polyacrylamide in aqueous solution

Abstract: The results of adiabatic compressibility measurements of poly(acrylic acid) and polyacrylamide along with their corresponding monomers and two poly(sodium acrylates) obtained by neutralizing the polyacid 25% and 100% with sodium hydroxide have been described. The total adiabatic compressibility of poly(acrylic acid) solution is higher than that of the corresponding salt solutions or of polyacrylamide solutions. The unneutralized acid does not dissociate much, even in dilute solution, and the magnitude of electrostriction in polyamide is greater than in acid. The ΦV2 and ΦK2 values for monomers and polymers are seen to be almost concentration independent, and so are the sodium salts of the polyacid. Poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylamide) are structurally closely related polymers, and water must be bound to them through polar groups either by hydrogen bonding or by dipole attraction. The hydrophobic part of the solute, because of compact orientation of water and solute in the boundary region, causes a decrease in solvent volume and therefore in the values of ΦV2 and ΦK2. On the other hand, intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the polar groups increases the volume and counterbalances the hydrophobic effect. Because of these two counteracting effects, the observed ΦV2 and ΦK2 values are seen to be concentration independent. Contrary to the observation with poly(methacrylic acid)1 and its sodium salts, the solvated counter-ions in case of poly(sodium acrylates) make no special contribution in the dilute region. In 100% neutralized polyacid, the dissociation of counterions is complete, and the magnitude of electrostriction is highest in this case. Accordingly, lowest ΦV2 and ΦK2 values (37.0 cc/mole and −50.50 × 10−3 cc bar−1 mole−1) are observed. However, the dissociation and therefore the magnitude of electrostriction are somewhat reduced in the presence of 1.0M NaCl solution; and, accordingly, the values increase to 42.80 cc/mole and −33.0 × 10−4 cc bar−1, mole−1, respectively. The limiting values for the apparent molal volume and the apparent molal compressibility for the polymers show a considerable decrease over those of the monomers. The values of ΦV20 and ΦK20 per methyl group are less in the polymers than in the monomers, and this has been attributed to water clusters that become stronger and better formed as the molecules grow larger and larger. The molar volumes of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are decreased, while those of acrylamide and methacrylamide are increased when dissolved in water to form an infinitely dilute solution.

Carpet backsizing with latexes of acidic olefin copolymers

Abstract: CARPETS AND OTHER FIBROUS TEXTILE PRODUCTS ARE BACKSIZED WITH LATEXES OF ACIDIC COPOLYMERS OF OLEFINS SUCH AS ETHYLENE AND ACIDIC COMONOMERS SUCH AS ACRYLIC ACID BY APPLYING THE LATEX, DRIYING AND FUSING THE COPOLYMER IN PLACE.

Curable liquid composition of polyene,polymercaptan and acrylic acid

Abstract: A CURABLE LIQUID COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF; (A) A POLYENE HAVING THE FORMULA CH2=CH-CH2-N(-CH2-CH=CH2)-CH2-CH(-OH)-CH2- (O-(1,4-PHENYLENE)-C(-CH3)2-(1,4-PHENYLENE)-O-CH2- CH(-OH)-CH2)(N+1)-N(-CH2-CH=CH2)-CH2-CH=CH2 AND N IS ESSENTIALLY 0 OR GREATER (E.G., 0-20); AND (B) A POLYTHIOL, THE EQUIVALENT RATIO OF THE POLYENE TO POLYTHIOL BEING ABOUT 1:0.5-1.5; AND (C) A MEMBER SELECTED FROM A GROUP CONSISTING OF A MONOMERIC ACID HAVING THE FORMULA H2C=C(-R)-COOH WHERE R IS H, CH3 OR C2H5 OR A HOMOPOLYMER OR COPOLYMER OF SUCH MONOMERIC ACID HAVING AN AVERAGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ABOUT 140-1000, THE GROUP MEMBER CONSTITUTING ABOUT 2-10% BY WEIGHT OF THE COMPOSITION. THE ABOVE COMPOSITION CAN CONTAIN AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A PHOTOCURING RATE ACCELERATOR.

Copolymer containing isobornyl methacrylate

Abstract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

Effect of the medium on the homogeneous radical copolymerization of unsaturated carboxylic acids with vinyl monomers

Abstract: THv. copolymerization of methacrylic acid with vinyl monomers in solvents capable of forming hydrogen bonds has been used as a model to demonstrate, in principle, the possibility of regulating the copolymer composition and the values of relative reactivity [1]. Since the publication of our first paper, a number of new reports has appeared in which it has been shown that the medium similarly affects the copolymerization of acrylic acid [2, 3], and the range of polymers which exert an effect on the reactivity of methacrylic or acrylic acid during copolymerization has been broadened [4]. In the present paper we shall report results obtained in our laboratory on the copolymerization of acrylic and methacrylic acids in specifically solvating solvents, and we shall also present information about the possibilities of obtaining copolymers of these acids with other monomers, the copolymers being homogeneous in comi~osition at all stages of the reaction. We have previously reported on this method at the All-Union Scientific and Technical Conference, "Development of Scientific Research Work in the Field of Acrylates" in 1965.

High energy, low burning rate solid propellant compositions based on acrylic prepolymer binders

Abstract: High energy, low burning rate solid propellant compositions are disclosed. The disclosed compositions employ acrylic prepolymers selected from methyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer, ethyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer, butyl acrylat/acrylic acid copolymer, petrin acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer, or 2,2-dinitropropyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer in combination with plasticizers selected from the group of plasticizers consisting of triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN), trimethylolethane trinitrate (TMETN), butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), glycerine trinitrate (NG), 1,2,3-tris 1,2-bis(difluoroamino)ethoxy propane (TVOPA), and blends of the same, curing catalyst, a mixed oxidizer comprised of ammonium perchlorate and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), and aluminum as fuel.

Ethylene Formation from Acrylic Acid by a Banana Pulp Extract

Abstract: An enzyme extract from ripe banana pulp catalyzed the formation of ethylene in the presence of Mg2+, TPP and acrylic acid under the gas phase of argon. Reaction conditions, cofactor requirement and optimum pH are presented.Ethylene formation from acrylic acid catalyzed by TPP at pH 9.0 or by yeast decarboxylase was also demonstrated.The following route was proposed as a biosynthetic pathway of ethylene in banana fruit;

Acrylate-acrylic acid-n-vinyl urethane terpolymers

Abstract: HEAT-CURABLE TERPOLYMERS COMPRISING THE RESIDUES OF AN ACRYLATE, AN ACRYLATE ACID AND AN N-VINYL URETHANE ARE AIDES, UREAS OR MELAMINES. THESE THERMOSETTING COATINGS BAKING WITH VARIOUS CROSS-LINKING AGENTS SUCH AS EPOXIDES, UREAS OR MELAMINES. THESE THEROMOSETTING COATINGS. MAY BE INCORPORATED INTO PAINT COATNG SYSTEMS, ELECTROCOATING SYSTEMS, FIBERS AND ADHESIVES.

Process for clarification of an impure acidic titanium sulphate liquor and/or the manufacture of titanium dioxide therefrom

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of titanium dioxide wherein titanium sulphate liquor is produced containing colloidal and suspended impurities which are flocculated and removed from the liquor before the titanium dioxide is obtained by hydrolysis. More particularly it relates to the improvement of such manufacture comprising mixing the liquor, prior to hydrolysis, with a solution of (a) a polymer of an acrylic acid ester of the general formula: CH2=CR3COO(CH2)xNR1R2 wherein x is 2, 3 or 4, R1 and R2 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups containing up to eight carbon atoms and R3 is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, or (b) a water-soluble salt of said ester or (c) a copolymer of said ester with an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer, or (d) a copolymer of a water-soluble salt of said ester with an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer; the polymer or copolymer having a molecular weight such that the viscosity of a 1 percent by weight aqueous solution thereof as measured in a No. 3 Suspended Level Viscometer at 25* C. is at least 40 centistokes, the comonomer being either water-soluble and present to the extent of not more than 40 percent by weight of the copolymer or water-insoluble and present to the extent of not more than 15 percent by weight of the copolymer.

Poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate)/metronidazole systems: synthesis and complexation.

Abstract: We report on preparation of poly(acrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate) (PAM) micro- and nanoparticles and, in the subsequent stage, complexation reaction with the active substance - metronidazole (MET). The drug release behavior of MET - loaded PAM micro- and nanoparticles was evaluated in water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 0.9% NaCl) at 37oC. It has been found that introduction of MET into PAM micro- and nanoparticles enabled gradual and controlled release of the active substance. Structural analysis using FT-IR (ATR) and (1)H NMR, as well as surface morphology assessment by SEM, were performed.