Showing papers on "Acrylic acid published in 1984"

pH-Dependent complexation of poly(acrylic acid) derivatives with phospholipid vesicle membranes

Abstract: Poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), and poly(α-ethylacrylic acid) can be used to modify, in a pH-dependent manner, the properties of phospholipid vesicle membranes. Polymer-lipid complexation caw a decrease in the apparent cooperativity of the lipid melting transition. The "critical pH" for complexation may be controlled through variation of the chemical structure and the tacticity of the poly(carboxylic acid), It is suggested that an important driving force for complexation is provided by the formation of hydrogen bonds between un-ionized carboxyl groups of the polymer and the phosphodiester functions of the lipid surface.

Water-dispersible pressure-sensitive adhesive and tape made therewith

Abstract: Repulpable splicing tape, especially adapted for splicing carbonless paper The preferred adhesive is a blend of acrylate:acrylic acid copolymer, NaOH and/or LiOH, KOH, and certain ethoxylated plasticizing components A small amount of polyamide-epichlorohydrin crosslinker may also be included

Conversion of propane to acrylic acid

Abstract: Propane is converted to acrylic acid in an integrated three-stage process. Propane is dehydrogenated in a first stage to propylene, hydrogen, and by-products. The reaction effluent is passed into a second stage-where propylene is oxidized to acrolein without significant oxidation of the hydrogen and by-products. The effluent from the second stage may be passed as feed to a third stage for the oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid. The acrylic acid is recovered as the primary product, while the unconverted propane may be separated and recycled to the first stage for dehydrogenation.

Emulsifiers for bituminous emulsions

Abstract: Reaction products of polyamines with certain polycarboxylic acid anhydrides are modified by reacting with formaldehyde and sodium sulfite or bisulfite, formaldehyde and phosphorus acid, haloalkane sulfonic acid salts, γ-propane sultone, haloalkane phosphoric acid, acrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and haloalkanoic acids which give emulsions capable of producing medium set mixing grade asphalt emulsions, rapid set asphalt emulsions, and quick set slurry seal emulsions. Solventless asphalts as well as asphalts containing up to 15% by volume of a hydrocarbon oil can be used for emulsification.

Kinetics of the cooperative complex formation and dissociation of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(oxyethylene)

Abstract: La complexation du polyacide marque avec le polyether conduit a une forte augmentation de l'intensite de fluorescence

Amphoterics as emulsifiers for bituminous emulsions

Abstract: Novel amphoteric emulsifiers are disclosed for solventless and solvent containing mixing grade, oil-in-water anionic and cationic bituminous emulsions, which emulsifiers are the modified reaction products of polyamines with certain polycarboxylic acids and sulfonated carboxylic acids. Modifications are carried out by reacting the nitrogen-containing intermediate with formaldehyde and sodium sulfite or bisulfite, chloroalkane sulfonic acid salts, γ-propane sultone, chloroalkane phosphonic acids, acrylic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid and chloroethanoic acid.

Carboxylated poly(oxyalkylenes)

Abstract: Graft copolymers are obtained which are substantially free of insoluble homopolymers by grafting 3 to 15 percent by weight of acrylic acid onto poly(oxyalkylene) compounds.

Rubber-modified epoxy resins containing high functionality acrylic elastomers

Abstract: The effect of the functionality of n-butylacrylate/acrylic acid copolymers upon the impact resistance of epoxy resins modified with these rubbery copolymers as a second phase was investigated using a high speed tensile test and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that an optimum functionality of copolymer existed for maximum impact resistance. This optimum value was the result of the competition between the amount of rubber–matrix reaction, an increases in which tended to increase toughness, and solubility of the rubber in the epoxy matrix, which eventually decreased toughness.

Adhesive and coating composition

Abstract: A hot melt adhesive and coating composition is provided comprising a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid; a compatible wax and a tackifier. The copolymer characterized as having a melt flow of at least about 0.77 and an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid content such that the copolymer has an acid number ranging from about 8 to about 93.

Crosslinked cholesteric network from the acrylic acid ester of (hydroxypropyl) cellulose

Abstract: The acrylic acid ester of (hydroxypropyl)cellulose was prepared from (hydroxypropyl)cellulose and acryloyl chloride. The resultant polymer, with 2.2 ester groups per anhydroglucose unit, formed a thermotropic cholesteric mesophase with visible reflection hands at temperatures between ambient and 60°C. By exposing a thin layer of the mesophase to UV light, the mesophase structure was stabilized to give a crosslinked cholesteric film.

Toner for developing electrostatic charge image

Abstract: PURPOSE:To enable prevention of defective fixing or offsetting by using a polymer formed by converting a copolymer contg. a carboxylic group together with a crystalline compd. contg. a carboxylic group to polyvalent metal as a binder resin. CONSTITUTION:A polymer formed by converting a copolymer of an addition polymerizable unsatd. carboxylic acid and other copolymerizable monomer together with a crystalline compd. contg. a carboxylic group to polyvalent metal is used as a binder resin. The addition polymerizable unstad. carboxylic acid is enumerated by an addition polymerizable unstad. aliphat. monocarboxylic acid such as an acrylic acid or an addition polymerizable unsatd. aliphat. dicarboxylic acid such as a maleic acid. The crystalline compd. contg. a carboxylic group is enumerated by a long chain aliphat. carboxylic acid such as polyethylene oxide, melissic acid or the like and further a polyester, polyamide, etc. which are stoichiometrically excessive in acid component. The metal used in the stage of polyvalent metal conversion is enumerated by Al, Ba, Sr, Zn, etc. which are added and heated in the form of alkoxide, sulfate, hydroxide, etc. at 0.01-7% by the total weight, by which the binder resin is obtd.

Method of inhibiting scaling in aqueous systems with low molecular weight copolymers

Abstract: A method for inhibiting scale formation in aqueous systems using water-soluble, low molecular weight copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids is provided Copolymers formed from about 30 to about 70 weight percent acrylic acid and from about 70 to about 30 weight percent methacrylic acid, having a weight average molecular weight ranging from about 2000 to about 5000, are preferred for inhibiting the formation of common hardness ion salt scale such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and barium sulfate The copolymers are hydrolytically stable and can be used effectively in high temperature applications The copolymers are also effective dispersants for suspended inorganic particulate materials, such as clay, in aqueous systems

Complexation and rate of polymerization of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid in the presence of poly(4‐vinylpyridine) in dilute methanol solution

Abstract: Nature de l'interaction entre ces monomeres et la polyvinyl-4 pyridine et effet de la PV4P sur la vitesse de polymerisation des monomeres acides en solution de methanol diluee

Coating composition, in particular for producing a transparent topcoat of a multilayer coating, a process for producing coatings, and an article coated with a multilayer coating

Abstract: A coating composition, in particular for producing the transparent topcoat of a multilayer coating. The coating composition contains as binders two acrylic polymers, A and B, as well as aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates. Acrylic polymer A has a molecular weight of 800 to 4,000, a hydroxyl number of 80 to 180 and a glass transition temperature of below -10° C. Acrylic polymer B has a molecular weight of 3,000 to 10,000, a hydroxyl number of 40 to 120 and a glass transition temperature of -10° C. to +10° C. Whereas in acrylic polymer A the proportion of acrylic acid esters predominates, polymer B contains methacrylic acid esters as predominant monomer components.

Crotonate-containing copolymers, processes for their preparation and their use as thickeners in aqueous systems and as sizing agents

Abstract: Copolymers prepared by emulsion or solution copolymerization, initiated by free radicals, of unsaturated copolymerizable monomers, the copolymers being built up from (a) 1-45% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (b) 0.5-30% by weight of a surface-active crotonic acid ester, (c) 30-85% by weight of methacrylic acid esters or acrylic acid esters of aliphatic (C 1 -C 18 )-alcohols, (d) 0-40% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, (e) 0-3% by weight of polyethylenically unsaturated compounds and (f) 0-5% by weight of molecular weight regulators, and, if appropriate, the free acid groups of the copolymers subsequently having been partly or completely neutralized by addition of bases and converted into water-soluble or colloidally water-dispersible copolymer salts. In addition, processes for the preparation of the copolymers by solution or emulsion copolymerization and, if appropriate, subsequent conversion thereof into the copolymer salts, and the use of the products as viscosity-increasing and rheology-modifying substances in aqueous systems, in particular aqueous dispersions, preferably for thickening emulsion paints, emulsion gloss lacquers, textile printing pastes and paper printing pastes, and furthermore as sizing agents in the textile industry.

Probe diffusion in poly(acrylic acid)−water. Effect of probe size

Abstract: Coefficient de diffusion de spheres de latex de polystyrene modifie par un carboxylate dans un melange eau-acide polyacrylique par diffusion de la lumiere quasielastique

Abrasion-resistant ultraviolet-curable coatings

Abstract: Ultraviolet-curable, liquid coating compositions are disclosed which are resistant to abrasion and which are strongly adherent to basic plastic surfaces. These compositions comprise one or more polyacrylates or polymethacrylates, preferably including from 70% to 85% of trimethylol propane triacrylate, from 5% to 15% of a carboxylic acid which contains acrylic or methacrylic unsaturation, preferably acrylic acid itself, and photoinitiators (which are preferably ketonic and which desirably comprise a substituted acetophenone and benzophenone) are used to render the composition sensitive to ultraviolet light. The polyacrylate component preferably includes from 1% to 12% of a diacrylate or dimethacrylate of a diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol in which the molecular weight of the diglycidyl ether is less than about 600. The above proportions are based on the total weight of polymerizable material. The composition preferably also includes 0.5% to 2.5% of a silicone dicarbinol diurethane diacrylate in which the carbinol groups are carried by an alkoxylate, preferably an ethoxylate, constituting from 30% to 70% of the silicone dicarbinol.

Composition and method of preparation of novel aqueous drilling fluid additives

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compositions and methods of preparation of deflocculents for water-base mud additives. The disclosed materials are low molecular weight terpolymers and graft copolymers consisting essentially of monovalent salts of (1) 5 to 50% by weight of tetrahydrophthalic acid (THPA); (2) 10 to 70% by weight of acrylic acid (AA); (3) 5 to 50% by weight of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS); and (4) 0 to 70% by weight of lignosulfonate units. The unique compositions and processes of terpolymers and graft copolymers provide excellent drilling fluid additives which significantly control the viscosity, yield point, gel strength, and fluid loss of drilling fluids over a wide range of temperatures and in the presence of contaminants such as salt, lime, cement, gypsum and drilled solids.

Novel polymer and its production

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a polymer excellent in tensile properties, by polymerizing a specified polymerizable monomer in the presence of an organic polymer having both a reactive silicon functional group and a polymerizable unsaturated group with the aid of a radical initiator having a reactive silicon functional group, etc. CONSTITUTION: The purpose polymer is obtained by polymerizing 100pts.wt. polymerizable monomer (e.g., acrylic acid) with 0W50pts.wt. compound having at least two independent polymerizable functional groups (e.g., polyethylene glycol diacrylate) in the presence of an organic polymer having reactive silicon functional groups and polymerizable unsaturated groups, in which the total number of these groups is equal to or greater than 1.1 on the average and the number of the polymerizable unsaturated groups is 0.1 or more with the aid of 0.01W 20pts.wt. radical polymerization initiator having a reactive silicon functional group (e.g., a compound of formula I ) and/or radical chain transfer agent having a reactive silicon functional group (e.g., a compound of formula II). COPYRIGHT: (C)1985,JPO&Japio

Stabilization of soluble manganese and its reaction products

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for inhibiting the precipitation of dissolved manganese ion and its reaction products in aqueous solutions, comprising adding to the aqueous solution 0.1 to 20 ppm of a copolymer of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or salt selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and an unsaturated sulphonic acid or salt selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulphonic acid and 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropylsulphonic acid.

Fluid loss control agents for drilling fluids containing divalent cations

Abstract: Low and high solids drilling fluids containing high levels (i.e., at least 10,000 ppm) of divalent cations are provided with improved fluid loss control by employing high molecular weight water-in-oil emulsion copolymers of acrylamide and a water soluble salt of acrylic acid. The copolymers, produced by the copolymerization in water-in-oil emulsions form of acrylamide and acrylic acid or the salt thereof in molar ratios of 70:30 to 95:5 are particularly effective in drilling fluids containing high levels of calcium ions.

Contact adhesive dispersions for the production of self-adhesive articles, for example those having a polyolefinic base

Abstract: Contact adhesive dispersions contain (A) an aqueous dispersion of a copolymer A which has a glass transition temperature below 0° C. and consists of (a) from 50 to 99% by weight of esters of acrylic acid with non-tertiary alkanols, (b) from 0 to 50% by weight of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and/or vinyl esters and/or (meth)acrylonitrile and/or styrene and/or tert.-butyl acrylate, (c) from 0.5 to 5% by weight of monoolefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or their amides which are unsubstituted or substituted at the nitrogen atoms by alkyl and/or alkylol radicals, and/or hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, and (d) from 0.5 to 5% by weight of carbonyl-containing monomers and (B) from 0.05 to 2 moles of a water-soluble dihydrazine compound per mole of carbonyl groups present in the copolymer A.

Process for alumina recovery

Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of red mud are effectively removed from the Bayer process for making alumina by the addition to at least the first stage of the caustic recovery circuit of a flocculant selected from the group consisting of starch, homopolymers of acrylic acid or acrylates, copolymers of acrylic acid or acrylates containing at least 80 molar percent acrylic acid or acrylate monomers and combinations thereof and subsequent addition to later, more dilute stages in the caustic recovery circuit of a copolymer containing from about 35 to 75 molar percent of acrylic acid or acrylate and from about 65 to 25 molar percent of ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers.

Method of controlling iron induced fouling in water systems

Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion and controlling deposition in aqueous mediums, such as in cooling water systems, wherein iron containing well water is used as a water make-up source, is disclosed. The method comprises addition of certain water soluble acrylic acid type/allyl hydroxy propyl sulfonate ether copolymers to the desired aqueous medium.

Surface Characterization of Soap-Free Carboxylated Polymer Latices

Abstract: The surface characteristics of carboxylated polymer latices—styrene/acrylic acid copolymer (PS/PAA) and styrene/methacrylic acid copolymer (PS/PMAA)— were investigated. Polystyrene (PS) latex was used as a reference sample. These latices were prepared in a soap-free system, using potassium persulfate as the initiator. Conductometric titration curves of PS and carboxylated latices showed both strong and weak acid groups to exist on the surface of latex particles. The surface charge density (σ) for PS/PAA latex was proportional to the amount of acrylic acid (AA) used in the copolymerization (thus, σ- for PS/PAA5 latex was larger than that for PS/PAA2 latex; the subscripts 5 and 2 represent the mol% of AA monomers used in the copolymerization). However, σ for PS/PMAA5 latex was smaller than that for PS/PAA5 latex, although the mol% of acid monomers used in the copolymerization was the same for both latices. σ for carboxylated latices increased with increasing pH, but the pH dependence of σ for PS latex was not very pronounced. The ζ-pH curves for these latices were considerably different from the σ-pH curves. This is probably because the Stern potential and the position of the shear plane in the electrical double layer differ between the two latices. Methylene Blue adsorption onto PS and PS/PAA latices was measured as a function of pH. The overall tendency of the dye adsorption was more similar to the σ-pH curves than the ζ-pH curves.

Solvent effects in polyelectrolyte systems. 3. Spectrophotometric results with (partially) neutralized poly(acrylic acid) in methanol and general conclusions regarding these systems

Abstract: Les mesures d'absorption dans le proche UV de polymere en partie neutralise, a temperature ambiante, confirment que ces solutions polymeriques different si l'on emploie le sodium ou le lithium comme ion antagoniste