Showing papers on "Acrylic acid published in 1985"

Production of highly water-absorptive polymer

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title polymer excelling in water-absorbing performances and gel strength and having low contents of residual monomer and water- leachable polymer by performing the reversed phase suspension polymerization of a polymerizable monomer in a specified aqueous solution in the presence of a cross-linking agent and a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator and neutralizing the product. CONSTITUTION: A highly water-absorptive polymer is obtained by forming an aqueous polymerizable monomer solution containing 20-40wt.% polymerizable monomer having acidic groups and mainly comprising acrylic acid (a monomer mixture containing 80mol% or above acrylic acid), performing the reversed phase suspension polymerization of this solution in the presence of a cross- linking agent (e.g. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) and a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator (e.g. K 2 S 2 O 8 ), and neutralizing 50-90mol% of the acidic groups with an alkali metal compound (e.g. NaOH). If required, this polymer is treated with a silane coupling agent of the formula (wherein X is a functional group reactive with the functional group of the polymer; R is an organic group; Y is a hydrolyzable group; and n is 1-3). COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO&Japio

Pour point depressants for paraffin solutions

Abstract: An ester/amide copolymer useful as a pour-point depressant, wherein: the ester comonomer is at least one acrylic acid or methacrylic acid--C 16-24 aliphatic alcohol ester; the amide comonomer is at least one acrylamide or methacrylamide, unsubstituted or substituted at the nitrogen atom; and the mol ratio of ester to amide is about 2-10:1

Scale inhibition in water systems

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, this invention relates to a method for inhibiting formation of phosphate scale in water systems by the addition of a threshold amount of a water-soluble copolymer of 40 to 95 weight parts of an acrylic acid with 5 to 60 parts of a substituted acrylamide, based on a total of 100 parts of polymerized monomers.

Polymers for use as filtration control aids in drilling muds

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a polymer, having an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0 to 7.0, preferably 1.5 to 5.0, dl/g in 1.0 M NaCl, prepared from: (A) 2.5 to 45%, by weight, of at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid, or its salt; (B) 5.0 to 85%, by weight, of at least one unsaturated sulfonic acid, or its salt; (C) 2.5 to 15%, by weight, of at least one unsaturated cationic-containing monomer; and (D) 0 to 90%, by weight, of at least one unsaturated non-ionic monomer. The instant invention is also directed to the polymer in combination with an aqueous clay dispersion and the use of the admixture as a filtration aid in drilling muds.

Catalytic conversion of lactic acid and ammonium lactate to acrylic acid

Abstract: A process for the catalytic conversion of lactic acid and/or ammonium lactate to acrylic acid comprises contacting a mixture of water and lactic acid and/or ammonium lactate in the vapor phase with aluminum phosphate which has been treated with an aqueous inorganic base.

Storage-stable, quick-disintegrating pressed shapes containing pharmaceutical active substances

Abstract: Storage stable, quick-disintegrating pressed shapes containing pharmaceutical active substances, which shapes consist substantially of a compressed mixture of (a) an effective amount of a pharmaceutical active substance in granular form, which is coated with a coating material comprising essentially a homogeneous mixture of a poly(H+meth)-acrylic acid-(methyl+ethyl) ester insoluble but dispersible in water and an ethyl cellulose insoluble but dispersible in water, the weight ratio of the acrylic acid ester to ethyl cellulose being 2.5:1 to 5:1; (b) talcum; and (c) colloidal silicon dioxide, and crosslinked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone as the disintegrating agent having a high disintegrating capacity and good binding properties.

Acrylic acid/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl phosphonic acid polymers as scale and corrosion inhibitors

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of inhibiting corrosion and the precipitation of scale-forming salts in an aqueous system, comprising adding to the system at least 0.1 mg/l of a polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.05 to 4.5 dl/g, in 1.0 M NaCl, prepared from: (A) 35 to 65%, by weight, of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid; (B) 15 to 45%, by weight, of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid or 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid; and (C) 15 to 25%, by weight, of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl phosphonic acid or 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropylphosphonic acid.

Lens composition articles and method of manufacture

Abstract: New copolymer composition, methods for processing the copolymers into optical devices and articles resulting therefrom, especially intraocular and contact lenses having outstanding extended wear and daily wear properties. The composition comprises, in weight percent: from 3% to 35% polyfluoroalkyl acrylate; from 45% to 65% acryloxyalkylpolysiloxane; 1% to 15% acryloxyalkylsilanol; 2% to 20% polyacryloxyalkylpolysiloxane; 2% to 15% polyol polyacrylate and 2% to 15% polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomeric wetting agent such as acrylic acid. The composition may also contain 0 to 15% acrylic acid ester of a monohydric alcohol having no more than 20 carbon atoms and from 0.05% to about 2.0% of a free radical initiator.

Hydrogel materials formed by radiation polymerization of carbohydrates and unsaturated monomers

Abstract: Homogeneous hydrogels comprise a water-soluble sugar, derivative or mixture thereof, radiation cross-linked with at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound. A preferred combination is sucrose or glucose cross-linked with acrylic acid. The hydrogels may contain additives e.g. plasticizers such as glycerol. The hydrogels are strong and expand to a large extent e.g. 30× on water absorption. They are particularly suitable for use in medical dressings, preferably bonded to a supporting film which may be a semi-permeable membrane allowing control of water loss. A method for preparing such a hydrogel and dressing is also described.

Polymerization of water‐in‐oil microemulsions: Methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, and sodium acrylamidostearate

Abstract: Water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions of methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylic acid (AA), sodium acrylamidostearate (NaAAS), and water were investigated. MMA, AA, and NaAAS could be terpolymerized in these microemulsions. For a composition of 54% MMA, 34% AA, 2% NaAAS, and 10% H2O, polymers of high molecular weights of about 1,000,000 were obtained between 3.5 to 24% polymer conversion. The system became a transparent gel when conversion exceeded 36%. Transparent solid terpolymer containing water up to 16% were also obtained after fully polymerizations of certain compositions.

Nylon molding materials having high impact strength

Abstract: Novel nylon molding materials having high impact strength contain, as an additive, a copolymer of ethylene, a primary or secondary C 2 -C 8 -alkyl acrylate or methacrylate and a monomer possessing a (latent) acid functional group, in particular an ethylene/n-butyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer.

Chemical modification of (meth)acrylic acid homopolymers and alkyl (meth)acrylate polymers in aqueous systems with amino sulfonic acids

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of preparing copolymers of acrylamido sulfonic acids which comprises converting to acrylamido sulfonic groups at least 5 mole % of the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid groups in a polymer which contains at least 5 mole % of these monomers in its structures by reacting an aqueous solution of the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid polymer with an amino sulfonic acid under pressure at a temperature of at least 70° C for a period of time sufficient to convert at least 5 mole % of the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid groups in the polymer to amido sulfonic acid groups corresponding to the starting amino sulfonic acid

Method for preparing esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid by transesterification

Abstract: A method of preparing an ester of (meth)acrylic acid by transesterification with an alcohol, comprising, reacting a (meth)acrylic acid ester formed from an alcohol of 1 to 4 carbon atoms with a transesterifying alcohol, which is not a polybasic alcohol and which is different from the alcohol portion of said (meth)acrylic acid ester, in the presence of a catalyst system comprised of compounds A+B, wherein compound A is Li n Y, wherein Y is a halide, chlorate, carbonate, carboxylate of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxide of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxide or oxide, and n is 1 or 2, depending on the valence of Y; and compound B is CaX q , wherein X is oxide or chloride and q is 1 or 2, depending on the valence of X, with the provision that at least one of the two anionic components Y and X is oxygen-containing.

Preirradiation grafting of acrylic and methacrylic acid onto polyethylene films: Preparation and properties

Abstract: The method of preirradiation grafting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid onto polyethylene films was studied. The trapped radicals and hydroperoxides or diperoxides appeared to be able to induce graft polymerization. Mohr's salt was added to depress homopolymerization. The influences of crystallinity, dosage, and storage period on the grafting behavior were investigated from the viewpoint of practical application. At elevated temperature, the degree of grafting increased rapidly with reaction time initially, and then leveled off to the value of final percent grafting. Dosage and storage periods had greater extent of influence on the final percent grafting of LDPE than on that of HDPE. Electrical properties, transport properties, and mechanical properties were measured to compare the differences between acrylic-acid-and methacrylic-acid-grafted copolymer films. It was found that the properties of methacrylic-acid-grafted copolymer film was superior to those of acrylic-acid-grafted copolymer film, especially in electrical conductivity. The KOH diffusion test confirmed that grafting occurred not only on the surface but also in the interior of the polymer matrix, and the grafting is believed to proceed from the surface to the interior of the matrix.

Contact lens and process for preparation thereof

Abstract: An oxygen-permeable contact lens consisting essentially of a polymer having an organic polysiloxane skeleton and a three-dimensional crosslinked structure, and a process for the preparation thereof. The polymer comprises structural units comprising (A) a residue of a trifunctional isocyanate, (B) a residue of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acids, monoalkyl esters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, monoalkyl and dialkyl esters of unsaturated tricarboxylic acids, hydroxyalkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl ethers, and styrene derivatives having an active hydrogen atom, (C) a polydimethylsiloxane residue modified with an active hydrogen-containing functional group, and (D) a residue of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl esters of acrylic acid, alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, fluorine-containing acrylates, fluorine-containing methacrylates, acrylates and methacrylates having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, aryl acrylates and methacrylates, halogen-containing aryl acrylates and methacrylates, styrene, styrene derivatives, alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Aqueous drilling and packer fluids

Abstract: Sulphonated polymers and copolymers are used as thinners in aqueous drilling or packer fluids. The sulphonated polymer has polydispersity below 2 and has a low solution viscosity. It is generally a copolymer of beta-acrylamidoalkane sulphonate or allyl sulphonate or other aliphatic sulphonate with an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, generally acrylic acid.

Preparation of carboxylate groups-containing thin films by plasma polymerization

Abstract: Plasma polymerization in a mixture of acrylic acid and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas was investigated. The polymer deposition rate in plasma polymerization of acrylic acid increased by admixing CO2 gas, and polymers containing carboxyl groups were formed. The amount of carboxyl groups alterable to carboxylate anions by treating with 0.1 N KOH solution or NH3 gas reached twice of that formed in plasma polymerization without CO2 gas.

Polymerisation processes and polymeric compositions

Abstract: Polymers that are soluble or swellable in water or an alkali and that include pendant hydrophobic groups can be in the form of particles having a dry size of below 4 microns and can be made by reverse phase polymerisation in the presence of a water soluble initiator, and generally an amphipathic suspension stabiliser, of a blend of all the monomers as a solution in water Particularly preferred products are cross linked polymers formed from a monomer containing pendant hydrophobic groups and acrylic acid, as free acid or salt, and/or acrylamide

Carboxylic/sulfonic/quaternary ammonium polymers for use as scale and corrosion inhibitors

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for inhibiting corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale in aqueous systems, comprising adding to the system at least 0.1 ppm of a water-soluble polymer having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.05 to 2.5, prepared from: (a) 50 to 90%, by weight, of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, or its salt; (b) 5 to 40%, by weight, of an unsaturated sulfonic acid, or its salt; and (c) 5 to 40%, by weight, of an unsaturated quaternary ammonium compound. The instant invention is also directed to a water soluble polymer, having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.05 to 2.5 prepared from: (a) 50 to 90%, by weight, of an unsaturated carboxylic compound selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, their salts and mixtures thereof; (b) 5 to 40%, by weight, of an unsaturated sulfonic compound selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid, their salts and mixtures thereof; and (c) 5 to 40%, by weight, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and mixtures thereof.

Aqueous functional fluids based on polymers

Abstract: Aqueous functional fluids, in particular hydraulic and metal-working fluids, containing a copolymer which is prepared by emulsion or solution copolymerization, initiated by free radicals, of unsaturated, copolymerizable monomers, the copolymers being built up from: (a) 1-60% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, (b) 0.5-30% by weight of a surface-active unsaturated ester, (c) 30-85% by weight of methacrylic acid esters or acrylic acid esters of aliphatic (C 1 -C 18 )-alcohols, (d) 0-40% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, (e) 0-3% by weight of polyethylenically unsaturated compounds, and (f) 0-5% by weight of molecular weight regulators, and, if appropriate, the free acid groups of the copolymers subsequently having been partly or completely neutralized by addition of bases, and converted into water-soluble or colloidally water-dispersible copolymer salts.

Polymer particle having internal hole and its production

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the titled polymer particles excellent in mechanical strength, heat resistance, etc., easily, by a simple process from a copolymer comprising a crosslinking monomer, a hydrophilic monomer and other polymerizable monomers and another polymer different from the copolymer. CONSTITUTION:100pts.wt. polymerizable monomer mixture (A) comprising 1-50pts.wt. crosslinking monomer (a) selected from among divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, etc., 1-99pts.wt. hydrophilic monomer (b) comprising 1-40wt% unsaturated carboxylic acid such as (meth)acrylic acid and/or 5-99wt% other monomers selected from among methyl methacrylate, vinylpyridine and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 0-85pts.wt. other polymerizable monomers (c) copolymerizable with components (a) and (b) (e.g., styrene) is dispersed in water in the presence of 1-100pts.wt. another polymer of the number-average MW<=20,000, different in composition from that obtained from component (A) to allow component B to absorb component A. The mixture is polymerized to obtain hollow polymer particles having an internal hole and having an outside diameter of 0.05-10mu and an inside diameter 0.2-0.9 time as large as the outside diameter.