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Showing papers on "Acrylic acid published in 1992"


Patent
11 Apr 1992
TL;DR: In this article, super absorbent polymers having superior dryness properties when incorporated into absorbent articles are made from acrylic acid and crosslinking agent polymerized under controlled conditions.
Abstract: Super-absorbent polymers having superior dryness properties when incorporated into absorbent articles are made from acrylic acid and crosslinking agent polymerized under controlled conditions.

414 citations


Patent
Steven K. Itoh1, Rosa Uy1, Timothy M. Dietz1
12 Nov 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, an ion-conducting, hydrophilic, pressure-sensitive, adhesive hydrogel (II) and a cross-linked poly(N-vinyllactam) (III) is used in amt. giving low electrical impedance and ensuring adhesion and the cohesion of when used in the presence of body fluids of the skin, which tend to soften.
Abstract: Adhesive (I) consists of an ion-conducting, hydrophilic, pressure-sensitive, adhesive hydrogel (II) and a crosslinked poly(N-vinyllactam) (III). Pref., (III) is used in amt. giving low electrical impedance and ensuring adhesion and the cohesion of (II) when (I) is used in the presence of body fluids of the skin, which tend to soften (II). (II) consists of (a) partly neutralised acrylic acid homo- or copolymer, copoly(N-vinyl lactam) and a polyethylenically unsatd. cpd., copoly(N-vinyl lactam) and a carboxylic acid or an interpenetrating polymer network of a hydrophilic crosslinked polymer of a water-soluble monomer and a hydrophilic polymer, which is not crosslinked; (b) a source of moisture; and (c) water. USE/ADVANTAGE - (I) is claimed for use in electrodes, i.e., bio-electrodes, which are attached to skin of a nipple and connected to diagnostic, therapeutic or electro-surgical instruments. It has low impedance (claimed). It maintains its mechanical properties when water and moisture is absorbed from the skin.

177 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Most commercial dental composites contain liquid dimethacrylate monomers (including BIS-GMA or variations of it) and silica-containing compositions as inorganic reinforcing filler particles coated with methacrylated-functional silane coupling agents to bond the resin to the filler.
Abstract: Most commercial dental composites contain liquid dimethacrylate monomers (including BIS-GMA or variations of it) and silica-containing compositions as inorganic reinforcing filler particles coated with methacrylate-functional silane coupling agents to bond the resin to the filler. They also contain initiators, accelerators, photo-initiators, photosensitizers, polymerization inhibitors, and UV absorbers. Durability is a major problem with posterior composites. The typical life-span of posterior composites is from three to 10 years, with large fillings usually fewer than five years. Polymerization shrinkage and inadequate adhesion to cavity walls are remaining problems. Some pulp irritation can occur if deep restorations are not placed over a protective film. Some have advocated the use of glass-ionomer cement as a lining under resin composite restorations in dentin. The concept of glass-ionomer cements (GICs) was introduced to the dental profession in the early 1970's. Current GICs may contain poly(acrylic acid) or a copolymer. Higher-molecular-weight copolymers may also be used to improve the physical properties of some GICs. Stronger and less-brittle hybrid materials have been produced by the addition of water-soluble compatible polymers to form light-curing GIC formulations. The ion-leachable aluminosilicate glass powder, in an aqueous solution of a polymer or copolymer of acrylic acid, is attacked by the hydrated protons of the acid, causing the release of aluminum and calcium ions. Salt bridges are formed, and a gel matrix surrounds the unreacted glass particles. The matrix is adhesive to mineralized tissues. Provisions must be made for maintenance of the water balance of restorations for the first 24 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

111 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a heterogeneous hydrogel containing silicone rubber domains has been synthesized from a thermal and pH sensitive polymer containing N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm), acrylic acid (AAc), a divinyl silicone rubber plus a small amount of crosslinker.

95 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, both pristine and argon plasma treated emeraldine (EM) base films were subjected to near-UV light-induced graft copolymerization with acrylamide, sodium styrenesulfonate (NaSS) and acrylic acid (AAc).
Abstract: Both pristine and argon plasma treated emeraldine (EM) base films were subjected to near-UV light-induced graft copolymerization with acrylamide, sodium styrenesulfonate (NaSS) and acrylic acid (AAc). It was found that in each case, the density of surface grafting is enhanced by plasma treatment. Surface grafting with the three polymers also leads to a more hydrophilic film. Grafting with NaSS and AAc polymers readily gives rise to a self-doped or self-protonated EM surface structure. However, a substantial proportion of the grafted protonic acid groups at the surface remains free for further surface modification and functionalization

81 citations


Patent
17 Jun 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, liquid impervious, biodegradable films are described, which are a blend of an interpenetrated network of destructurized starch with ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers or ethylene orvinyl alcohol copolymer, and an aliphatic polyester such as polycaprolactone.
Abstract: Liquid impervious, biodegradable films are disclosed. In particular, the films comprise a blend of an interpenetrated network of destructurized starch with ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers or ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers, and an aliphatic polyester such as polycaprolactone. Diapers, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, and the like, containing backsheets prepared from the foregoing materials are also disclosed.

79 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, X-ray diffraction, CP/MAS C-13 NMR, DSC, FTIR and fluorescence microscopy have been used to study the structure, compatibility, and morphology of films made from starch, poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA), and polyethylene (PE) before and after exposure to a mixture of highly amylolytic bacteria.
Abstract: X-ray diffraction, CP/MAS C-13 NMR, DSC, FTIR and fluorescence microscopy have been used to study the structure, compatibility, and morphology of films made from starch, poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA), and polyethylene (PE) before and after exposure to a mixture of highly amylolytic bacteria. The components of starch, amylose and amylopectin, interact with EAA via the formation of V-type inclusion complexes and hydrogen bonds. PE appears to be immiscible with the starch–EAA complex, with each forming sheetlike domains. The amylopectin in the films is susceptible to digestion by the bacterial consortium while the crystalline EAA–amylose complex is resistant. Digestion begins at the film surface and then proceeds inwards with sheetlike areas of starch removed. The good compatibility between starch and EAA as well as migration of EAA to the film surface explains the resistance of such films to digestion by conventional amylases.

77 citations


Patent
30 Oct 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a biocompatible heparin-like material and surfaces thereof are made by co-polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS).
Abstract: Biocompatible heparin-like material and surfaces thereof are made by co-polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and attaching the copolymer to a suitable substrate or blending the copolymer into a suitable substrate. The material produced also possesses surface slip-properties and some decreased bacterial and platelet adherence.

66 citations


Patent
30 Oct 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a graft polymer is made from monomers such as N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA), 2-ACrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylic acid (AA)) which is in turn bonded to a polymeric substrate surface.
Abstract: Articles comprised of bioactive agents coupled to or repelled by a graft polymer (made, for example, from monomers such as N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AAm)m and acrylic acid (AA)) which is in turn bonded to a polymeric substrate surface. The articles are useful as thromboresistant and/or antimicrobial medical devices.

65 citations


Patent
17 Jun 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, liquid impervious, biodegradable films are described, which are a blend of an interpenetrated network of destructurized starch with ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers or ethylene orvinyl alcohol copolymer, and an aliphatic polyester such as polycaprolactone.
Abstract: Liquid impervious, biodegradable films are disclosed. In particular, the films comprise a blend of an interpenetrated network of destructurized starch with ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers or ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers, and an aliphatic polyester such as polycaprolactone. Diapers, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, and the like, containing backsheets prepared from the foregoing materials are also disclosed.

63 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the melting behavior of blends of polyvinyl alcohol (PVAI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) has been studied as a function of blend composition and the replacement of H-bonding interactions in pure PAA and PVAI by intermolecular interactions has been proved by analysis of the OH and C�O stretching region in the i.r. spectra.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the photograftings of methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylic acid (AA), methacrylamide (mAAm), and acrylamides (AAm) as hydrophilic monomers onto polyethylene (PE) plates were carried out in the liquid phase.
Abstract: The photograftings of methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylic acid (AA), methacrylamide (MAAm), and acrylamide (AAm) as hydrophilic monomers onto polyethylene (PE) plates were carried out in the liquid phase. The contact-angle measurement and the surface analysis by ESCA reveal that the grafted amount at which the PE surface was fully covered with grafted chains increased in the order of MAA > AA > MAAm and was almost the same as that at which contact angles became constant. The grafting of AAm was not sufficient to modify the surface properties of PE. But AAm required the smallest grafted amount to obtain the same adhesive strength as that of the other monomers. The α-methyl and/or carboxyl groups were required to obtain a high grafted amount. The cos θ value of water on AA-g-PE surfaces reached a maximum around 0.02 mmol/cm2 and then decreased. It was confirmed to be caused by cohesion of grafted poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chains due to the hydrogen bond. For all the monomers used, the adhesive strength increased with the grafted amount. As the concentration of the MAA monomer increased on grafting, at a higher grafted amount, the grafted layer absorbed water more rapidly and the PE plates themselves broke. For AA- and MAAm-g-PE plates, the amount of absorbed water increased linearly with the grafted amount irrespective of monomer concentration.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the fluorescence anisotropy data for poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acids) in dilute methanolic solutions, as analyzed by a variety of data retrieval procedures, indicate that a single exponential function is sufficient in description of the relaxational behavior of these systems.
Abstract: The fluorescence anisotropy data for poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) in dilute methanolic solutions, as analyzed by a variety of data retrieval procedures, indicate that a single exponential function is sufficient in description of the relaxational behavior of these systems. The segmental motions of PAA and PMAA in methanol are characterized by rotational correlation times of ca. 1.3 and 4.2 ns, respectively

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reactions of acrylic acid with various difluoroalkanoyl peroxides have been found to give new fluoroalkylated oligomers containing carboxy groups.
Abstract: The reactions of acrylic acid with various of difluoroalkanoyl peroxides {(RfCO2)2, Rf= C3F7, C6F13 CF(CF3)[OCF2CF(CF3)]mOC3F7, m= 0, 1, 2} have been found to give new fluoroalkylated oligomers containing carboxy groups {Rf[CH2CH(CO2H]nRf} under mild conditions, and these compounds are able to reduce the surface tension of water to 10 mN m–1 levels

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the reactions of vinylic oxygenates (allyl alcohol, acrolein and acrylic acid) were compared with those of their aliphatic analogues using TPD and HREELS.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis and applications of graft copolymers prepared from ozonized poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) are described and the mechanical properties of these products are described.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the main products were acrylic acid, acetic acid, and carbon oxides, and the best catalyst performances were obtained at a P/V atomic ratio of 1.00.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The modification procedures described may be used to improve polyurethane filters for the removal of leucocytes from blood by improving the adhesion of granulocytes and lymphocytes to surfaces modified with amine groups.

Patent
20 Oct 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a graft copolymer is copolymming a macromonomer having a (meth)acryloyl group at one terminal of silicone, alpha, β-ethylenic unsatd, carboxylic acid and other radical polymerizable monomer and 30 to 260mgKOH/g resin acid value is formed in the upper part of the photosensitive layer.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain high-grade images in spite of long-term use by forming the film of a silicone graft copolymer having a specific acid value on the surface of a photosensitive layer. CONSTITUTION:The film consisting of the graft copolymer which is obtd. by copolymerizing a macromonomer having a (meth)acryloyl group at one terminal of silicone, alpha,beta-ethylenic unsatd. carboxylic acid and other radical polymerizable monomer and has 30 to 260mgKOH/g resin acid value is formed in the upper part of the photosensitive layer. This silicone macromonomer is a high mol.wt. monomer consisting of the silicone as its skeleton and the preferable number average mol.wt. is 1,000 to 50,000 in terms of polyethylene and the amt. of the monomer to be used is 0.5 to 60wt.% of the total weight of the whole monomer. Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is preferable as the alpha,beta-ethylenic unsatd carboxilicacid and the amt. of the acid to be used is usually about 3 to 40wt.% at which the acid value of the graft copolymer attains 30 to 260mgKOH/g resin.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a catalytic asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction was developed by employing 3-(3-boryl-propenoyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one as a β-hydroxyacrylic acid equivalent.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1992-Polymer
TL;DR: In this article, phase separation and chemical structure changes occurring during thermal degradation were studied by high-resolution solid-state 13C n.m. spectra and 1H T1ϱ for samples subjected to various heat treatments.

Patent
27 Apr 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the objective composition is produced by mixing (a) one or more kinds of amorphous copolymerized polyester resin component consisting of an acid component composed mainly of terephthalic acid and a glycol component consisting mainly of an alkylene glycol and a cycloalkyl glycol, and (b) a copolymers having a Vicat softening point of >=105 deg.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain the subject composition having excellent optical properties, rigidity, etc., and useful as a sheet, film, etc., by mixing an essentially amorphous copolymerized polyester resin component and a specific copolymer at a specific ratio. CONSTITUTION:The objective composition is produced by mixing (A) one or more kinds of amorphous copolymerized polyester resin component consisting of an acid component composed mainly of terephthalic acid and a glycol component composed mainly of an alkylene glycol and a cycloalkyl glycol and (B) a copolymer having a Vicat softening point of <=105 deg.C and composed of (i) 95-20wt.% of one or more kinds of monomer selected from styrene and styrene derivative and (ii) 5-80wt.% of one or more kinds of monomer selected from acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester. The weight ratio of A and B is selected to satisfy the formula 0.10<=A/(A+B)<=0.90.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the interaction between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and SDS in aqueous solution was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, and the effects of polymer concentration and pH were determined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the aza-annulation of imines with activated acrylate derivatives was studied as a means of preparing the corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-pyridones.
Abstract: The aza-annulation of imines with activated acrylate derivatives was studied as a means of preparing the corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-pyridones. Through the use of reagents known to facilitate the formation of amide bonds from carboxylic acids, several methods of activatin the acrylate species were compared. The acrylate derivatives studied were acryloyl chloride and acrylic anhydride as well as acrylic acid activated by reaction with EtO 2 CCl, (PhO) 2 P(O)N 3 , or MCPI

Patent
13 Oct 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an improved process and improved compositions to reduce the environmental damage caused by large-scale combustion, especially in the field of NOx reduction by selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) in the gas phase.
Abstract: Improved processes and improved compositions reduce the environmental damage caused by large-scale combustion, especially in the field of NOx reduction by selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) in the gas phase. In one aspect, the process improves the reliability of known means, compositions and methods for reducing the concentration of pollutants in a gas stream by: preparing an aqueous solution comprising a pollutant-reducing agent and a water-dispersible polymer, and introducing the solution into the gas stream. Preferred polymers comprise high molecular weight polymers selected from the group consisting of homo and copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide with RSV values of at least 10, sodium acrylate acrylamide copolymers with RSV values of at least 10, sulfonmethylated acrylamide/acrylamide/acrylic acid terpolymers of RSV of at least 18, alkylene oxide polymers and copolymers, and mixtures of any of these and like polymers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, copolymer nanoparticles of acrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylic acid butyl ester and methacrylic acid methyl ester with increasing acrylic acid content were produced by emulsion polymerization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, copolymerization of 2-methacryloyl-oxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate (phosmer) and various hydrophilic monomers [N,Ndimethyl-acrylamide (DMAAm), acrylic acid (AAc) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was investigated.
Abstract: Hydrogels containing phosphate groups were prepared by copolymerization of 2-methacryloyl-oxyethyl dihydrogen phosphate (phosmer) and various hydrophilic monomers [N,N-dimethyl-acrylamide (DMAAm), acrylic acid (AAc) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)], and the swelling behavior was investigated. These hydrogels are thermo-sensitive. Phosmer-DMAAm and phosmer-HEMA hydrogel deswell with increasing temperature, but for the phosmer-AAc hydrogel the swelling ratio increases with temperature. Interestingly, the swelling ratio decreases with an increase in phosphate group content. This unusual behavior may arise from the phosphate group acting both as the functional group and the crosslinking agent.

Patent
28 Jul 1992
TL;DR: In this paper, a water-in-oil type emulsion with its aqueous phase thickened is presented, which shows high emulsion stability at elevated temperatures and excellent temperature dependence of ink flowability and image quality.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain an emulsion ink which includes a surfactant of a specific HLB in the oil phase and is composed of a water-in-oil type emulsion with its aqueous phase thickened, thus showing high emulsion stability at elevated temperatures and excellent temperature dependence of ink flowability and image quality. CONSTITUTION:The ink is composed of an emulsion having 10 to 50wt.% of the oil phase and 90 to 50wt.% of the aqueous phase where the surfactant in the oil phase has 3 to 5.5 HLB and the aqueous phase is thickened so that the viscosity reaches 15 to 350 poise, The surfactant is preferably a nonionic one such as sorbitan higher fatty acid ester. In order to thicken the aqueous phase a water-soluble polymer is added to the aqueous phase comprising water, electrolytes, a preservative, a fungicide and an evaporation retarder. The water- soluble polymer is, for example, an acrylic acid resin, or acrylic acid resin derivative such as sodium polyacrylate.

Patent
03 Jul 1992
TL;DR: In this article, a reactive liquid crystal compound is obtained by reacting 6-chloro-hexanol with p-hydroxybenzoic acid and subsequently with acrylic acid and then reacting the produced p-(6- acryloyloxyhexyloxy hexyloxy)benzoIC acid with 2,3-dicyano-p-hydroquinone.
Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a reactive liquid crystal compound excellent in the film- forming property, permitting to produce liquid crystal elements good in responding properties and having large areas, and capable of giving optoelectric thin films excellent in optical characteristics. CONSTITUTION:A compound of formula I (R is H, alkyl, halogen; U, V, W, X, Y are single bond, -O-, -OCO-, -COO-; (a) is 0, 1; (b), (f) are 0-15; (c), (d), (e) are 0-2), e.g. a compound of formula II. The exemplified compound of formula II is obtained by reacting 6-chloro-hexanol with p-hydroxybenzoic acid and subsequently with acrylic acid and then reacting the produced p-(6- acryloyloxyhexyloxy)benzoic acid with 2,3-dicyano-p-hydroquinone. The compound of formula I and a reactive liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable functional group, e.g. a compound of formula III, are radical- or ionic-copolymerized to provide a polymeric liquid crystal compound.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new approach for the synthesis of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones from the reaction of αbromomethyl acrylic acid (or ester), powdered tin and carbonyl compounds in one pot with excellent to good yields is presented.