scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Acyl-CoA

About: Acyl-CoA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 527 publications have been published within this topic receiving 25134 citations. The topic is also known as: Acyl Coenzyme A.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An expressed sequence tag clone that shared regions of similarity with acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, an enzyme that also uses fatty acyl coA as a substrate was identified, which will greatly facilitate studies of cellular glycerolipid metabolism and its regulation.
Abstract: Triacylglycerols are quantitatively the most important storage form of energy for eukaryotic cells Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 23120) catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis, by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates DGAT plays a fundamental role in the metabolism of cellular diacylglycerol and is important in higher eukaryotes for physiologic processes involving triacylglycerol metabolism such as intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, adipose tissue formation, and lactation DGAT is an integral membrane protein that has never been purified to homogeneity, nor has its gene been cloned We identified an expressed sequence tag clone that shared regions of similarity with acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, an enzyme that also uses fatty acyl CoA as a substrate Expression of a mouse cDNA for this expressed sequence tag in insect cells resulted in high levels of DGAT activity in cell membranes No other acyltransferase activity was detected when a variety of substrates, including cholesterol, were used as acyl acceptors The gene was expressed in all tissues examined; during differentiation of NIH 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes, its expression increased markedly in parallel with increases in DGAT activity The identification of this cDNA encoding a DGAT will greatly facilitate studies of cellular glycerolipid metabolism and its regulation

1,117 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Purified rat liver peroxisomes contain a cyanide-insensitive fatty acyl-CoA oxidizing system that uses O2 and NAD as electron acceptors, and the activity of this system is increased approximately one order of magnitude in rats treated with clofibrate.
Abstract: Purified rat liver peroxisomes contain a cyanide-insensitive fatty acyl-CoA oxidizing system that uses O2 and NAD as electron acceptors. The system was detected by the ability of added palmitoyl-CoA to elicit O2 consumption, H2O2 production, and O2-dependent NAD reduction. The activity of this system is increased approximately one order of magnitude in rats treated with clofibrate, a hypolipidemic drug known to cause peroxisomal proliferation.

1,027 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The observations that the ryanodine-senstitive Ca2+-release channel is regulated by long-chain acyl-CoA esters in the presence of a molar excess of acyl -CoA binding protein and that acetyl- coA carboxylase, the AMP kinase kinase and the Escherichia coli transcription factor FadR are affected by low nanomolar concentrations of Acyl- CoA indicate that long- chain acyl
Abstract: The intracellular concentration of free unbound acyl-CoA esters is tightly controlled by feedback inhibition of the acyl-CoA synthetase and is buffered by specific acyl-CoA binding proteins. Excessive increases in the concentration are expected to be prevented by conversion into acylcarnitines or by hydrolysis by acyl-CoA hydrolases. Under normal physiological conditions the free cytosolic concentration of acyl-CoA esters will be in the low nanomolar range, and it is unlikely to exceed 200 nM under the most extreme conditions. The fact that acetyl-CoA carboxylase is active during fatty acid synthesis (Ki for acyl-CoA is 5 nM) indicates strongly that the free cytosolic acyl-CoA concentration is below 5 nM under these conditions. Only a limited number of the reported experiments on the effects of acyl-CoA on cellular functions and enzymes have been carried out at low physiological concentrations in the presence of the appropriate acyl-CoA-buffering binding proteins. Re-evaluation of many of the reported effects is therefore urgently required. However, the observations that the ryanodine-senstitive Ca2+-release channel is regulated by long-chain acyl-CoA esters in the presence of a molar excess of acyl-CoA binding protein and that acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the AMP kinase kinase and the Escherichia coli transcription factor FadR are affected by low nanomolar concentrations of acyl-CoA indicate that long-chain acyl-CoA esters can act as regulatory molecules in vivo. This view is further supported by the observation that fatty acids do not repress expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase or Delta9-desaturase in yeast deficient in acyl-CoA synthetase.

653 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The role of fatty acid metabolism and its key players, ACC1 and ACC2, in animal evolution and physiology, as related to health and disease is discussed.

549 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Apr 1998-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown that long-chain fatty acids directly modulate the transcriptional activity of HNF-4α by binding as their acyl-CoA thioesters to the ligand-binding domain of H NF-4 α.
Abstract: Dietary fatty acids specifically modulate the onset and progression of various diseases, including cancer, atherogenesis, hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistances and hypertension, as well as blood coagulability and fibrinolytic defects; their effects depend on their chain length and degree of saturation Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) is an orphan transcription factor of the superfamily of nuclear receptors and controls the expression of genes that govern the pathogenesis and course of some of these diseases Here we show that long-chain fatty acids directly modulate the transcriptional activity of HNF-4alpha by binding as their acyl-CoA thioesters to the ligand-binding domain of HNF-4alpha This binding may shift the oligomeric-dimeric equilibrium of HNF-4alpha or may modulate the affinity of HNF-4alpha for its cognate promoter element, resulting in either activation or inhibition of HNF-4alpha transcriptional activity as a function of chain length and the degree of saturation of the fatty acyl-CoA ligands In addition to their roles as substrates to yield energy, as an energy store, or as constituents of membrane phospholipids, dietary fatty acids may affect the course of a disease by modulating the expression of HNF-4alpha-controlled genes

517 citations


Trending Questions (1)
Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Protein subunit
33.2K papers, 1.7M citations
83% related
Amino acid
124.9K papers, 4M citations
82% related
Binding site
48.1K papers, 2.5M citations
82% related
Cholesterol
44.6K papers, 1.9M citations
81% related
Protein kinase A
68.4K papers, 3.9M citations
81% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20232
202212
20218
20205
20193
20185