Acyl-CoA

About: Acyl-CoA is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 527 publications have been published within this topic receiving 25134 citations. The topic is also known as: Acyl Coenzyme A.

Phospholipid synthesis by chick retinal microsomes: fatty acid preference and effect of fatty acid binding protein.

Abstract: The acylation of 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine (1-16∶0-GPC) or 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine (1-16∶0-GPE) was measured using the microsomal fraction prepared from retinas of 14–15-day-old chick embryos. Rates of incorporation of exogenously supplied fatty acids into diacyl-GPC were generally 5–7 times greater than into diacyl-GPE. Substrate preferences for incorporation into diacyl-GPC and diacyl-GPE were, respectively, 18∶2>18∶3=20∶5>20∶4>18∶1>22∶6=18∶0 and 18∶2>22∶6≽18∶3=18∶0≽20∶4=18∶1>20∶5. The apparent selectivities were not consistent with the reported fatty acid compositions of these lipid classes. The addition of partially purified fatty acid binding protein (FABP) to the reaction had no effect either on overall rates of incorporation or on the substrate preference. When fatty acyl-CoA substrates were used, rates of incorporation of the 18∶0 derivative were much higher than with the fatty acid, while rates with other fatty acyl-CoA were similar to those with the respective fatty acid. Substrate preferences for CoA derivatives incorporated into diacyl-GPC were: 18∶0>20∶4>18∶2≽22∶6, and into diacyl-GPE: 20∶4=22∶6>18∶0>18∶2. Polyunsaturated fatty acyl CoA (PUFA-CoA) were thus favored for incorporation into diacyl-GPE, and to a lesser extent into diacyl-GPC, a result that is consistent with composition data. When purified FABP was added to the reactions, there was an increase in the incorporation of 18∶0-CoA and a decrease or no change in the incorporation of PUFA-CoA. The deacylation/reacylation cycle thus appears to play a role in the modification of phospholipid composition. The data are not consistent, however, with a role for FABP in directing PUFA toward membrane lipid synthesis.

LONG CHAIN OMEGA-3 AND OMEGA-6 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS BY EXPRESSION OF ACYL-CoA LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID ACYLTRANSFERASES

Abstract: Methods for increasing C18 to C20 elongation conversion efficiency and/or Δ4 desaturation conversion efficiency in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid [“LC-PUFA”]-producing recombinant oleaginous microbial host cells are provided herein, based on over-expression of acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases [“LPLATs”] (e.g., Ale1, LPAAT, LPCAT). Production host cells and oils produced by the methods of the invention are also claimed.

The role of fatty acids in ischemic tissue injury: difference between oleic and palmitic acid.

Abstract: Guinea pig hearts were subjected to low-flow perfusion (0.3 ml/g fresh weight/min) with an oxygen depleted perfusate. Fatty acids (palmitic or oleic acid), added to the perfusate, accelerated in a dose-dependent manner the anoxic decay of creatine phosphate and ATP, impaired lactate production and augmented enzyme release (lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase). Palmitic and olcic acid, however, differed distinctly in their deleterious effect, this being greater for oleic acid. After 60 min anoxic low-flow perfusion with 11 mM glucose and 0.2 mM of either fatty acid, complexed in 5∶1 molar relationship to albumin, the creatine phosphate content with palmitate is 39% greater than with oleate, the ATP content 23%, lactate production 15% greater, and release of malate dehydrogenase 24% lower, but the elevated contents of long-chain acyl CoA and acyl carnitine are not significantly different for the two fatty acids. These results accord with earlier experiences on subcellular systems showing that the physicochemical effects of the oleyl residue are more harmful than those of the palmityl residue.