Topic
Adaptive optics
About: Adaptive optics is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13352 publications have been published within this topic receiving 173364 citations. The topic is also known as: AO & Adaptive optics.
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TL;DR: In this article, the sources of aberrations, their effects and their correction with adaptive optics, particularly in confocal and two-photon microscopes, are discussed. And applications of adaptive optics in the related areas of optical data storage, optical tweezers and micro/nanofabrication are also reviewed.
Abstract: The imaging properties of optical microscopes are often compromised by aberrations that reduce image resolution and contrast. Adaptive optics technology has been employed in various systems to correct these aberrations and restore performance. This has required various departures from the traditional adaptive optics schemes that are used in astronomy. This review discusses the sources of aberrations, their effects and their correction with adaptive optics, particularly in confocal and two-photon microscopes. Different methods of wavefront sensing, indirect aberration measurement and aberration correction devices are discussed. Applications of adaptive optics in the related areas of optical data storage, optical tweezers and micro/nanofabrication are also reviewed.
404 citations
TL;DR: Recent work on incorporating adaptive optics, a technology originally applied in astronomical telescopes to combat atmospheric aberrations, to improve image quality of fluorescence microscopy for biological imaging is reviewed.
Abstract: This Perspective introduces the development and use of adaptive optics in correcting aberrations in deep optical imaging applications.
396 citations
TL;DR: Calculations suggest that a perfect adaptive optics system with a closed-loop bandwidth of 1-2 Hz could correct these aberrations well enough to achieve diffraction-limited imaging over a dilated pupil.
Abstract: It is well known that the eye’s optics exhibit temporal instability in the form of microfluctuations in focus; however, almost nothing is known of the temporal properties of the eye’s other aberrations. We constructed a real-time Hartmann–Shack (HS) wave-front sensor to measure these dynamics at frequencies as high as 60 Hz. To reduce spatial inhomogeneities in the short-exposure HS images, we used a low-coherence source and a scanning system. HS images were collected on three normal subjects with natural and paralyzed accommodation. Average temporal power spectra were computed for the wave-front rms, the Seidel aberrations, and each of 32 Zernike coefficients. The results indicate the presence of fluctuations in all of the eye’s aberration, not just defocus. Fluctuations in higher-order aberrations share similar spectra and bandwidths both within and between subjects, dropping at a rate of approximately 4 dB per octave in temporal frequency. The spectrum shape for higher-order aberrations is generally different from that for microfluctuations of accommodation. The origin of these measured fluctuations is not known, and both corneal/lenticular and retinal causes are considered. Under the assumption that they are purely corneal or lenticular, calculations suggest that a perfect adaptive optics system with a closed-loop bandwidth of 1–2 Hz could correct these aberrations well enough to achieve diffraction-limited imaging over a dilated pupil.
395 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the Seidel aberrations of unsymmetrical systems and of holographic optical elements are calculated and a finite raytracing through non-symmetric systems is proposed.
Abstract: Optical systems and ideal optical images. Geometrical optics. Gaussian optics. Finite raytracing. Finite raytracing through non-symmetrical systems. Optical invariants. Monochromatic aberrations. Calculation of the Seidel aberrations. Finite aberration formulae. Chromatic aberration. Primary aberrations of unsymmetrical systems and of holographic optical elements. Thin lens aberrations. Optical tolerances.
389 citations
TL;DR: The 1-meter Swedish solar telescope (SVST) as mentioned in this paper replaced the 50-cm SVST in La Palma by an adaptive adaptive optics system, which is integrated with the design of the telescope but is sufficiently flexible to allow future upgrades.
Abstract: We describe the 1-meter Swedish solar telescope which replaces the former 50-cm solar telescope (SVST) in La Palma. The un-obscured optics consists of a singlet lens used as vacuum window and two secondary optical systems. The first of these enables narrow-band imaging and polarimetry with a minimum of optical surfaces. The second optical system uses a field mirror to re-image the pupil on a 25 cm corrector which provides a perfectly achromatic image, corrected also for atmospheric dispersion. The adaptive optics system is integrated with the design of the telescope but is sufficiently flexible to allow future upgrades. It consists of a low-order bimorph modal mirror with 37 electrodes, allowing near-diffraction-limited imaging a reasonable fraction of the observing time on La Palma.
The new telescope became operational at the end of May 2002 and has already proven to be the most highly resolving solar telescope ever built. In this paper, we describe its mechanical and optical design, the polishing and testing of the optics and the instrumentation in use or planned for this telescope.
384 citations